การจัดการความรู้เกี่ยวกับการจัดการทรัพยากรการเกษตรเพื่อการเผยแพร่ : กรณีศึกษาการทำนา ตำบลควนรู อำเภอรัตภูมิ จังหวัดสงขลา

Abstract

The objectives of this research were to study the community development, the community’s rice farming agricultural resource management, and the state of knowledge management for rice farming within the community, and to proceed with managing the knowledge within the community regarding rice farming and to develop media for spreading knowledge about the community’s rice farming methods for the Khuan Ru Sub-district, Rattaphum District, Songkhla. The research was action research that involves both qualitative and quantitative methods. The sample for the qualitative research included agricultural leaders, community sages, and the president, committee members, and members of the Rice Mill Enterprise Group of Nong on Village, Moo. 6, totaling 10 people. The data collection was done via organizing small-group forums, in-depth interviews, using observation, and writing field notes. The sample for the quantitative research included 22 members of the Rice Mill Enterprise Group of Nong on Village, Moo. 6 in which interview forms were used for data collection, and 120 agricultural workers from the Khuan Ru community in which knowledge testing forms and assessment forms were used for data collection. The study results showed that. The Khuan Ru community was made up of migrants who moved from nearby districts to reclaim the land for agricultural purposes. The main occupation is rice farming. During the first stage of community establishment, the community lacked strength and contained segregations. Afterward, when there were strong community leaders, cooperation within the community to develop the community started. Organizations within the community with strength were established and became good sources for interested people to learn from. Regarding the community’s rice farming agricultural resource management, the community manages its rice farming agricultural resources in the following ways: 1) Land and Land Management: Farmers have their own inherited lands planned for year-round agricultural activities which are regularly nourished. 2) Water Resources for Rice Farming: The main water resource is rainwater. There are agricultural plans constructed with the guidance of agricultural data. 3) Production Factors: Most of the products yielded are consumed by the community. Chemical and biological fertilizers are used in rice farms but no chemical pesticides are used. 4) Agricultural Machinery: The agricultural machinery used includes wheel plows, lawnmowers, harvesters, threshers, and small rice mill machines. 5) Labor: The community hired more laborers for rice farming. 6) Fundings: Most fundings are personal fundings but other fundings include community enterprise groups and savings groups. 7) Product Marketing: Products are consumed by community members. What is left is sold to the community’s Rice Mill Enterprise Group to be processed into refined rice. Regarding the state of knowledge management for rice farming within the community, it has been analyzed that most of the community knowledge of rice farming is stored within personal memories only and is transferred from generation to generation. Wherein, new personal knowledge is acquired through personal learning processes, talking, exchanges of thoughts and techniques within family and agricultural friends. Traditional knowledge is built through natural acquisition while contemporary knowledge is built through interactions with organizations. Knowledge is stored only by memory, is practiced to adeptness, and passed on from generation to generation without other forms of storage. Thus, there is no knowledge management within the community. The transference of rice farming knowledge within the community is done in 2 ways: 1) intra-community exchanges such as talking and telling, and (2) exchanges with external communities such as listening to speakers, going on tours, and asking questions. Managing the knowledge within the community regarding rice farming comprises of: Step 1: Scoping the knowledge necessary for the community. Main topics include (1) soil preparation, (2) rice seeds preparation, (3) rice seedling transplantation, (4) rice plant protection and maintenance, (5) yield harvest, and (6) harvest protection and maintenance post-harvest. Step 2: Searching for knowledge, knowledge sources, and knowledge topics from people and otherwise. Step 3: Creating and acquiring the relevant knowledge to gather and record data and every topic of the content. Step 4: Storing the knowledge by categorizing and organizing the data based on knowledge topics and storing the categorized and organized data in files. Step 5: Systemizing the knowledge by categorizing, organizing into groups, analyzing, and formalizing into a system to achieve a distilled knowledge about community rice farming. Step 6: Transferring and disseminating rice farming knowledge by surveying the needs for media to transfer and spread knowledge about community rice farming found that the needs for media include videos and print media. The distilled knowledge acquired from the data gathered through interviews include: 1) Soil preparation: Plow the field 3 times including Taida plowing roughly to get the weeds out and the soil exposed and dried, Taiplae plowing across the plowing lines to make the soil loose, and Taikrad plowing to eliminate the weeds, to make the globs of soil smaller, and to flatten the land. 2) Rice seed preparation: Germinating the seeds before sowing them in the rice field. Rice seeds are collected by community members or purchased from agencies. 3) Rice cultivation: Plant 30-to-45-day-old seedlings into a rice field with a 5 cm water level and a planting distance of 30x30 cm in groups of 3-4 seedlings. 4) Rice plant care: Throughout the growing season, the water level must be maintained at approximately 5 cm and fertilizers must be added 15 days post-transplantation and 1-2 months before harvest. 5) Harvesting: Drain the water out of the rice field 7-10 days before harvest for convenience in the harvest. Today, harvesters and threshers are used but in the past, laborers used traditional tools called “Gae”. 6) Post-harvesting: Reduce grain moisture by drying them on bare lands or heating them in incubators. In drying on bare lands, find foundation materials to go underneath the rice grains. The thickness of the rice to be dried should not exceed 5-7 cm. Dry for 1-2 times then store in sealed containers and store the containers for further consumption and distribution. In the development and spread of knowledge about the community’s rice farming methods, 2 types of media will be used, namely, videos and printed media including brochures and posters. Production methods include 1) scope determination, topic determination, content determination, sequence determination, and correction together with the agricultural workers, 2) before production, analyze and plan for the content. Design, edit, arrange, and then send to experts to assess, 3) proceed to media production: design and organize the production area, materials, and equipment that will be used, and proceed to media production, and 4) after production: adjust, cut and paste, re-arrange content, and pictures. Go through media quality and efficiency assessments by (1) experts in media quality assessment wherein the assessment shows that the overall media, including videos and print media, the quality level is at a good level, and (2) the media efficiency assessment which received an 85/85 score which means the media are efficient. Once assessed by product assessment, the average score in knowledge tests before exposure to the media is 19.78 points while the average score in knowledge tests after exposure to the media is 29.23 points which means the media raised the level of knowledge in people who have studied them. The satisfaction level of media users showed a very high satisfaction for overall media satisfaction with an average of 4.23 points. Wherein, the satisfaction scores for posters have an average of 4.42, for brochures have an average of 4.33, and for videos have an average of 4.20. Media users are most satisfied with the content in its correctness, completeness, in the images used, and in the language used. Media users are most satisfied with media quality in clear presentation, directness, easy-to-understand quality, beautiful, suitable, high definition, and contrasting images to the text which make the text interesting and easy to read. Research suggestions include 1) to find ways to create awareness and understanding of the importance of knowledge storage regarding community rice farming, 2) to create learning resources or data and knowledge storing places within the community for easy access, 3) support and encourage the community to spread knowledge about community rice farming through online media, and 4) organize short-term and long-term complete courses on community rice farming.