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Item type: Item , Item type: Item , Item type: Item , Development of Curcumin Chewable Gels(Prince of Songkla University, 2023) Nattapaul Rattanamusik; Kwunchit Oungbho; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmaceutical Technology); คณะเภสัชศาสตร์ ภาควิชาเทคโนโลยีเภสัชกรรมCurcuminoids have known as versatile active compounds of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) reported for anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Curcumin, an active compound in curcuminoids, is classified in class II of biopharmaceutic classification system (BCS) as its poor solubility and high permeability. Application of non- sugar gelatin based chewable gels (CGs) as a dosage form of curcumin for dysphagia, cancers and the elderly patients have become interesting as an attractive forms of CGs in dietary supplements and nutraceutical products. This study aimed to develop CGs of curcumin in gelatin base containing vegetable oils as an oral delivery system. The CGS were formulated by dispersion of curcuminoids in oil in water (O/W) emulsions of rice bran oil (RBO) with gellan gum, and other suitable flavoring agents and preservatives. Texture properties of the products were determined by using a texture analyzer. Characterization of the CGs indicated the consistency in weight and assay of curcumin contents was found within 90-120% of label amount. Texture profiles and curcumin release from the CGs were the results of levels of gellan gum and curcumin contents. The CGs with gellan gum contributed faster curcumin release compared with the CGs without gellan gum. In addition the CGs with lower curcumin contents exhibited faster curcumin dissolution compared with the CGs with the higher contents. The results from this study revealed that CGs of gelatin based with O/W emulsion of RBO and gellan gum can be useful to be applied as oral delivery system of curcumin.Item type: Item , Modeling for Land Surface Temperature Change in Taiwan(Prince of Songkla University, 2022) Sahidan Abdulmana; Apiradee Lim; Faculty of Science and Technology (Mathematics and Computer Science); คณะวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี ภาควิชาคณิตศาสตร์และวิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์Land surface temperature (LST) is an important factor in surface energy balance and global climatology studies. LST characteristics such as elevation, land cover (LC) and vegetation can significantly affect LST. This study aimed to investigate the annual seasonal patterns, decadal trends, their relationships, and dynamic acceleration patterns in LST and NDVI changes through diverse LC types and to examine the influence of LC variation and elevation on LST in a decadal trend in Taiwan by using weighted sum contrasts linear regression. LST, NDVI and LC data were retrieved from the MODIS Land Product subset tool (ORNL DAAC, 2018) and elevation data were downloaded from the USGS Earth Explorer website. The natural cubic spline method and multivariate linear regression were used to model annual seasonal patterns, decadal trends, and acceleration rates for each LU type. Acceleration patterns were analyzed using the correlations between derived trends and acceleration rates. Finally, weighted sum contrasts linear regression was applied to evaluate the influence of LC alteration and elevation on the decadal change of LST. Results showed that BB land had a significant increase in LST (0.862°C per decade). The average increase in daytime LST and NDVI were 0.141°C and 0.019 unit per decade, respectively. Moreover, Taiwan had a significant mean increase in decadal trends of NDVI but not LST. LST and NDVI had a negative relationship and were stronger in green coverage areas compared to built-up areas. At a sub-region level, a higher rise in LST and tremendous vegetation loss were found at high altitudes in the Central Mountain Range, which is located in the southern regions. At the pixel level, urbanization and agricultural expansion had caused increasing LST, while afforestation had contributed to cooling. The study also indicated that the diverse pattern of LC variation has a significant influence on daytime LST, but not on nighttime LST trends. There was an affected of daytime and nighttime LSTs at an altitude above 600 m. However, the growth rates of greenness have not yet decreased, policymakers and practitioners have to consider and plan a balanced view of green cities to retain pace with the accelerating surface temperature conditions.Item type: Item , Evaluation of Sex Pheromones and Plant Essential Oils Combination as Rubber Foam Dispenser For Controlling Fruit Fly (Diptera : Tephritidae)(Prince of Songkla University, 2020) Akter, Mottakina Most; Narit Thaochan; Faculty of Natural Resources (Pest Management); คณะทรัพยากรธรรมชาติ ภาควิชาการจัดการศัตรูพืชTephritid fruit flies are one of the most devastating pests and concerning issues across the world. Among tephritid fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis and Zeugodacus cucurbitae are critical in terms of damage. Male lures like methyl eugenol (ME) and cue lure (CL) along with an insecticide are commercially used to attract and kill these fruit flies, which may contribute to excessive use of pesticides and is not environmentally safe. This study aimed at male annihilation of tephritid fruit flies through trapping without insecticides. It focused on using mixed lures on rubber foam, selecting the best plant essential oil, killing tephritid fruit flies using an eco-friendly method, and testing it in laboratory conditions, as well as combining it with single and mixed lures in field conditions. Finally, investigating the best proportion of these two lures to attain a satisfying result in controlling these fly species in a mixed cropping system. Five experiments were conducted to fulfill the aims of the study. Experiment results: i) single ME traps were more effective in attracting Bactrocera dorsalis than mixed lure traps. ME+CL combination worked very well compared to CL alone for Zeugodacus cucurbitae. Moreover, mixed lures caught more species than single lures in the field. ii) Among plant essential oils of basil, clove, citronella, eucalyptus, and basil oil performed best in terms of weathering of the essential oil in rubber foam. iii) For B. dorsalis, ME alone and ME mixed with basil oil gave 15.7-20.3% attractancy. For Z. cucurbitae, attractancy of CL mixed with basil oil (9.3% attractancy) was lower than CL alone (20.3% attractancy) and ME + CL (21.5% attractancy). iv) It was found that in both cases, mixing and separate placing of ME and CL (ME: CL), for B. dorsalis only, ME (100: 0) without CL, showed the highest number trapped. However, for Z. cucurbitae, the highest number of trapped flies in 25: 75 traps in both cases while separate combination was significantly different from only CL traps. v) Surprisingly, in-field test for B. dorsalis ME traps (5.5 ±1.0 FTD) was more effective than that mixed with basil oil (3.8 ± 0.8) and mixed lures (2.0 ± 0.0 FTD). In the case of Z. cucurbitae, that of both CL (0.4±0.0 FTD) and ME + CL (0.4 ±0.1 FTD) were equally effective as basil oil (ME + CL/BO) (0.2 ± 0.0 FTD). Overall, mixed lures (ME + CL) could be a good choice in trapping Z. cucurbitae in mixed cropping. However, ME alone represents the most appropriate trap to catch B. dorsalis.