การพัฒนารูปแบบการสร้างชุมชนเข้มแข็งในอำเภอสทิงพระ จังหวัดสงขลา

Abstract

The objectives of this thesis are to study: 1) the factors of community strength 2) the pattern and approach for community strengthening. The research methodology was divided into two phases. The first phase, a mixed methodology of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to answer the first objective. For quantitative method, data were collected by using questionnaires from 400 representatives of households; through the sampling of 200 people in each sub-district from Tha Hin and Khu Khut Sub-districts, Sathing Phra District, Songkhla Province. Data were analyzed by means, standard deviation, and discriminant analysis, and presenting the data of strength discrimination factor analysis in table. For qualitative method, in-depth interview of five-dimensional strength classification factor was used with 90 informants; 45 people from each of Tha Hin and Khu Khut sub-districts. Qualitative method was used in the second phase to answer the second objective by using group discussions on issues of pattern and approach of building strong community. Group discussions were used in two stages to discuss the result of strength discrimination factor analysis from the first phase. In the first stage, the group discussion was divided into three groups: (1) 12 community leaders of Khu Khut sub-district, (2) 12 community leaders of Tha Hin sub-district, (3) seven government officials, such as, sub-district heads, village heads, assistant village heads, officials of sub-district administrative organization, and village health volunteers. The second stage, a group of 15 people, selected from the three groups of the first stage, analyzed the data from in-depth interviews and group discussions, by classifying the data according to the research issues, then interpreting, concluding and presenting the data by analytical descriptive method. The results showed that: 1. Three variables were identified as factors of the strength of community through classification techniques (Discriminant Analysis): (1) economic activity promoting community virtue. (2) The searching, collecting, and (3) producing of knowledge. The three variables are entitled "Knowledge Management and Community Economy with Virtue." 2. For the strength of the community, Tha Hin Sub-district is stronger than Khu Khut Sub-district, considering from the five dimensions. In Tha Hin community, Aunty Lom, the informal leader, can continuously push the activities of searching, collecting and the utilizing of knowledge for tangible benefits. This is clearly realized by the establishing of the "Nod-Na-Le" Community Learning Center, which has activities connected with the external communities to promote community products into the market system, and is well-known to the general public. The members of the group have increased income, and high self-reliance. In the community there are rules for fair allocation of water. The farming of the community is eco-friendly to producers and consumers, so it is considered as a community economy that promotes virtue. In contrast, in Khu Khut community, Teacher Pranee set up a Community Leaming Center, the "Nod" Conservationist Group, Community Product Processing Group, and Collective Farming Group, but the activities are not holding continuously. Each activity has a long interval. The learning center has only activities for collecting objects, no further connecting activity. From the activities organized by Teacher Pranee, the members of the group could not be self-reliant. 3. Pattern and approach to create strong community in Sathing Phra District consists of three parts: basis of success (input), process and output as follows: 3.1 Pattern of creating strong community 3.1.1 Basis of success, inputting of five important dimensions: leadership, community economy, wisdom and knowledge management, generous community, and community immunization. 3.1.2 Process of a strong community consisting of two factors: (1) Community process factor, is divided into four elements: 1) Human resource development of the leaders, 2) The preparation of community in the five dimensions, 3) Participatory learning processes, 4) Network system, expanding co-operation within and outside the community. (2) The community environment factor, with two elements: 1) social, economic, and environmental conditions, and 2) community funds. .1.3 Output of a strong community, focusing on knowledge management and community economy with virtue, consisting of three elements: (1) knowledge producing, (2) searching and collecting knowledge, (3) economic activity promoting community virtue, , 3.2 Approaches for creating strong community: 3.2.1 Community economy promoting virtue, by creating a mechanism for group leaders to co-operate in creating rules for fair use of community resources. 3.2.2. Producing knowledge from the community resource base, by creating a mechanism for network partners and community leaders, and pooling knowledge of the village scholars to integrate with innovation. 3.2.3 In searching and collecting of knowledge, by creating a mechanism for community leaders to organize public forum to exchange knowledge, and further related activities, to collect knowledge by turning tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge in the form of database, label, and brochure. Benefit gained: the pattern and approach to create strong community in Sathing Phra District of this research could be adapted to develop the capability of people, community, and society, and could be applied to integrate continuous innovations for strengthening other communities.