การเปลี่ยนแปลงอัตลักษณ์ "คนเผาผี" ภายใต้บริบทความทันสมัยในพื้นที่ภาคใต้

Abstract

This article has aimed to study the changing of "Undertaker" identity in the context of modernization in South during the years 1912 - 2018 by using qualitative research, collecting data by using participant observation and in-depth interviews observation from 13 informants Group covered 4 fields; Khao Pa Na Lay (Thalay) and urban. 1) Khao Pa Community, Wat Phrom Lok Community, Phrom Lok Sub district, Phrom Khiri District 2) Na Community, Wat Don Klang, Ron Phibun Sub district, Ron Phibun District 3) Lay Community, Wat Khrua Chuay, Sao Phao Sub district, Sichon District, and 4) Urban Community, Wat Chamao Community, Tha Wang Sub district, Mueang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat. The data was classified, interpreted, constructed, checked, and presented with descriptive analysis. The results showed that the change in the identity of the "Undertaker" in the southern region was differenced to the period of social context including individuality and social identity. The personal identities was become social identities and at the same time, social or cultural conditions has shaped to the person's identity of the Undertaker. Especially, the first period (Samsang; year 1912 - 1976), Undertaker has an flowed identity which is a general person in the community, a magician who is with monk, knows about white and black magic, act in morality, courage, be a community leader, senior community, use magic wisdom to help burning, practicing various subjects, magic, spells, prayers. Later, in the era of social changing to modernity, there was developed social, economy, politic (Crematorium era, 1977 - 1996). Their effects to the beliefs and the funeral management to be modern. Undertaker identity in this era has a clear, act as a crematorium Inherited from the ancestors, live in the temple, training from monks, as leader of the crematorium, use black and white magic, learns, adjusts, creates a variety of functions on the crematorium, diverse of careers. At the present (Electrical crematorium era, 1997-2018) is the era of consumer society, social culture is created to become a product including the funeral management The identity of undertaker is concentrated in the form of self-creation and existence with good looking, outstanding, working with various careers to increase income, live as normal as general people, turn to a ceremonial one-stop service in funeral entrepreneur, using modem technology to coordinate the funeral management which according to the social-community context in urban area followed by Khao Pa community. While the area of Na and Lay, the image and some identity are different from urban communities and Khao Pa community.