ผลของโปรแกรมส่งเสริมความสามารถในการเลือกรับประทานอาหารต่อพฤติกรรมการบริโภคอาหารและระดับน้ำตาลในเลือดของผู้ป่วยเบาหวานมุสลิมน้ำหนักเกินที่ควบคุมระดับน้ำตาลในเลือดไม่ได้

Abstract

This quasi-experimental research aimed to examine the effect of a food choice capability promoting program on food consumption behavior and blood glucose level among Muslim overweight persons with uncontrolled diabetes. The sample consisted of 70 uncontrolled diabetic overweight Muslim who attended the diabetes clinic at two community hospitals. They were divided into a control group and experimental group using simple random method. The subjects were assigned to experimental (n1 = 35) and a control group (n2 = 35) using mached pair technique for homogenous selection based on gender, age, duration of diabetes mellitus, co-mobidity, insulin injection, and body mass index. The experiment group received the food choice capability promoting program for 6 weeks. The research instruments comprised 1) the experimental tool which was the food choice capability promoting program including the food-choice-promoting plan, food-choice-promoting guideline, food-choice-booklet and instructional media such as food exchange model and educational flip chart, and 2) the data collection tools, i.e., demographic data form, glucometer and blood glucose record form, and food consumption questionnaire. The instruments were validated for their content validity by 3 experts and the food consumption questionnaire was tested for its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient which yielded the value of 0.86. The demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and differences tested using t-test. Hypothesis testing was performed using chi-square and t-test. The results revealed that after participating in the program, the mean score of food consumption behavior of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < .05) and higher than that at the pre-test (p < .05). The mean score of blood glucose at the post-test was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < .05) and lower than that at the pre-test (p < .05). The results indicated that the food choice capability promoting program for overweight diabetic Muslim patients help to promote food consumption behavior modification relevant to disease and way of life and thus reduce the blood glucose level. Therefore, the program can be further implemented for uncontrolled diabetic patients with overweight in order to enhance proper food choice selection ability of patients and reduce possibility of further complications.