พลวัตทางนิเวศวิทยาสังคมและการจัดการทรัพยากรประมงในชุมชนหัวเขา ตำบลหัวเขา อำเภอสิงหนคร จังหวัดสงขลา

Abstract

The purposes of the thesis "Social-ecological Dynamism and Coastal Fishery Resource Management in Ban Hua Khao, Tambon Hua Khao, Amphoe Singha Nakorn, Changwat Songkhla." were to 1) study the dynamic of social ecology in Hau Khao Community, Hau Khao Sub-District, Singhanakhon District, Songkhla Province 2) find the fishermen's activities in the fishery resource access in Hau Khao Community, Hau Khao Sub-District, Singhanakhon District, Songkhla Province and 3) find ways to manage the fishery resources in accord with social ecology in Hau Khao Community, Hau Khao Sub-District, Singhanakhon District, Songkhla Province. Field data was collected and in-depth interview was used to collect data from 82 key informants. Data was also collected by using focus group discussion, participant observation, and workshop. The research shows that the dynamic of social ecology of the fishermen years before 1957 was based on the interdependence between human and natural resources by using self-reliance in the mode of production. However, during 1961 - 2007, the change in the mode of production was caused by the market mechanism under the modern policy. This caused the change of area, culture and belief. Years during 1961 - 2007, the result of the development influenced the fisheries to become redundant and led to the degeneration and depletion of the fishery resources. The fishermen tried to make a different way to earn a living. Fishery resource access grew consecutively intense through the pattern of activity in daily life. To survive under the conditions of marketing mechanism, building strategies was the important way used to struggle and negotiate. Peeling shrimp, peeling crap, selling Jing Jung (small) fish, being employees, being merchants and transforming fishery resources to different types of products that consumers wanted were the examples of the strategies used to build food security under the crisis of fishery resources. On the other hand, the fishermen in Hau Khao community gathered to provide co-management of fisheries to deal with this crisis. The research finds that during 2014-2018 the community perceived the importance of participation in providing fishery resource management. To provide co-management of fisheries, the dynamic of co-management was developed and the agreement was signed. The examples of this co-management were as follows: sea ranching management, fish aggregating device, Mangrove forest management and seagrass planting to restore Songkhla Lake. The model of "Song Khao, Nueng Lae, Sae Rern" (Two mountains- Sea Area - Four villages) was used by all participants in the area as a pilot way to provide co-management for the resources based on the context of the community and the system of fishery resources around Songkhla Lake area. Moreover, at a more advanced point this model was used as the case study for other areas in keeping with social ecology.