การประเมินผลกระทบทางสุขภาพจากการดำเนินงานอาหารปลอดภัยในเขตเทศบาลเมืองปัตตานี อำเภอเมือง จังหวัดปัตตานี

Abstract

This descriptive research aimed to conduct health impact assessment of food safety operations according to the Ottawa Charter with the 5-step health impact assessment process. The following 3 processes were administered: 1) public screening and scoping, 2) assessing and 3) public reviewing and influencing. The informants, including 35 people from the private sector, 9 people from the government sector and 2 academics, were selected through a purposive sampling method. Qualitative data were collected by in-depth interviews. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were organized with those responsible for the food safety projects and entrepreneurs. Focus group discussions were administered with stakeholders. Quantitative data were collected by surveying the food safety behavior of 30 restaurant operators. Qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis and quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive analysis with percentage, mean and standard deviation. The results of the public screening and scoping revealed that the participants in the focus group discussions agreed that 14 food safety projects out of 29 projects should be assessed. They jointly set the objectives of the assessment, which were to learn and to develop food safety projects in Pattani Municipality. As for thescoping of the assessment, it was assessed based onthefive action areas of Ottawa Charter, namely developing personal skills, strengthening community action, creating supportive environments, developing public policy and reorienting health services with 35 indicators. Based on the results of the assessment of the projects, the project activities with the highest level of success in each aspect were as follows. In terms of developing personal skills, 71.40% of the projects caused the target groups to change behavior in choosing safe raw materials. Regarding strengthening community action, 64.30% of the projects had activities leading to the preparation of work plans with target groups and communities. Therefore, the target groups had roles and responsibilities assigned by the public. As for creating supportive environments, the relevant organizations improved the environment around shops, stalls and fresh markets conducive to service users, and 64. 3% of the projects achieved a high level of success. In terms of developing public policy, agreements, community rules and food safety management measures in the community were defined, and 64.3% of the projects achieved a moderate level of success. Regarding reorienting health services, a community network of food safety was established, and 64.3% of the projects had a moderate level of success. The results of the assessment of food safety behavior of entrepreneurs in 3 aspects were as follows. Food safety behavior in preparation for production was at a low level (𝑥̅= 1.33, S.D. = 0.435). Food safety behavior in preparation for cooking was at a low level (𝑥̅= 1.25, S.D. = 0.403). Food safety behavior in transportation was at a low level (𝑥̅= 1.66). Recommendations for the development of food safety operations in Pattani Municipality according to the Ottawa Charter are as follows. 1) Pattani Municipality in cooperation with Pattani Provincial Public Health Office and Pattani Provincial Agricultural Office should carry out the potential development of entrepreneurs and farmers. The awareness to change the behavior of farmers, producers, restaurant operators and food handlers should be raised through learning materials about food safety in fresh markets. 2) Pattani Municipality should be the main organization in collaboration with Pattani Provincial Public Health Office, Pattani Provincial Agricultural Office and entrepreneurs in jointly analyzing the situations, preparing plans and following up and evaluating the food safety operations through community forums and sub-district development plans with people in the area. 3) Pattani Municipality should improve the environment around the market area, promote the model market and restaurant operators and create a food safety operation course based on the local context under a multicultural society. 4) Pattani Municipality in collaboration with government agencies at the district level should jointly establish agreementsand rules through local community policies on food safety operations. 5) Pattani Municipality should integrate with government agencies, private sector and people in the area in driving food safety work through Pattani Provincial Food Safety Committee.