ปัญหาและอุปสรรคในการเลี้ยงแพะเนื้อเชิงพาณิชย์ในจังหวัดปัตตานี : กรณีศึกษา โครงการหนึ่งฟาร์มหนึ่งตำบล จังหวัดปัตตานี

Abstract

The research was to study the problems and Threats of commercial meat goat raising in Pattani Province. The study used applied historical data and performance of the project, economical and social data from the farmer who joined in the project, to study the production management, problems and Threats of commercial meat goat farms. The results of the study were to offer guidelines in planning and improvement, and encourage commercial meat goat raising to be more efficient. The data was complied from primary and secondary data and in-depth interviews collected from four officials of the Department of Livestock Development office in Pattani Province, 8 farmer leaders and interviews with 8 sampling groups and 5 people as individual farmers. It found that the "One Farm One Tambon Project" was an emergency project of the government to solve social and economic problems and encourage the farmer to assemble into groups to generate work and job creation and provide stable incomes for participants in Pattani Province, and to improve the living conditions contribute to solving the unrest problem in the southern border provinces. Most farmers who joined in the project were male, Muslim and with rather low education. Their occupations were mainly in agriculture, such as rice farms, rubber plantation, etc. They also had minor jobs in chicken, goat and sheep farms. They had unstable incomes and were poor. The members of the farmer groups for this project consisted of at least 20 people. They had to provide grazing land for the farm location. The government helped the project through providing production factors such as buildings, goats, food, grass, medicine and vaccine, and also goat herder wages in the beginning. The agricultural groups had to be selected from a provincial working group and they had to attend training in herding, study farm accounting and observe other goat farms. Activities were initiated through a resolution at a group meeting with advice and assistance from the livestock officials. The herding styles were raising them in a pasture or putting them in a goat house. The goats were fed instant food, cut grass and nutrients in the goat house. In addition, deworming medicine and vaccine for disease prevention was given them according to the livestock official's advice. The farmers sold goat to local consumers and minor groups for breeding development. The main problems and Threats of commercial meat goat farm were a lack of good qualified breeders and goat breeds suitable for raising in the weather of southern Thailand, sanitation problems which caused parasite infections in goat such as coccidiosis which causes pneumonia, sore mouth and foot rot, an inadequate marketing system, lack of trade standards and limited consumers, mainly the Muslim people, management problems of the farmers due to a low level of administration ability and also low awareness and understanding of herding methods under standard farm and a large number of animals lost through sickness and death. Besides, it affects to minimum products to the markets and it is difficult to solve in short supply of the goat products in individual area. The emergency project of the government is based on poverty, lack of capitals for the farmer's livelihood. So that it aims to encourage all relevant production factors to them but non-performing information study prudentially. Furthermore, the result of the government project is not in accordance with the farmer's demands and less preparation in any activities to them. It is able to achieve the objectives of the planning and also a burden created to the farmers and the poverty problem is not yet solved.