ปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อระยะเวลาการเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมแม่อย่างเดียวของมารดาวัยรุ่น ในภาคใต้ตอนล่าง

Abstract

This predictive research aimed to examine: 1 the duration of breastfeeding, and 2 the factors influencing duration of exclusive breastfeeding of adolescent mothers in lower southern region. The sample consisted of 100 adolescent mothers who gave normal birth and their children aged from 2 years to 2 years 6 months and visited well baby clinics at Songkhla Hospital and Pattani Hospital during April and June 2021. The instruments for data collection consisted of 7 parts: (1) the demographic data, (2) the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, (3) the Knowledge Related to Benefits and Techniques of Breastfeeding Questionnaire, (4) the Breastfeeding Attitudes Questionnaire, (5) the Questionnaire of Successful Breastfeeding in Hospital, (6) The Questionnaire of Breastfeeding Support from Family, and (7) The Breastfeeding Support from Health Personnel. Instruments parts 3-7 were content validated by 3 experts, yielding content validity indices of .87, .85, .88, .90, and .90, respectively. The reliability of the Knowledge Related to Benefits and Techniques of Breastfeeding Questionnaire was tested using Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20), yielding a value of .90. The reliability of parts 4-7 questionnaires yielded Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficients of .85, .80, .90, and .93, respectively. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and standard deviation. The predictive ability of the selected factors was analyzed using standard multiple regression analysis. The results showed that: 1. The longest duration of exclusive breastfeeding among the adolescent mothers was only 3 months (39%) and the shortest duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 2 months (5%). The mean duration of exclusive was 3.89 months (SD = 0.98). The finding indicates that the 6th month exclusive breastfeeding goal in postpartum adolescents was not achieved. 2. The standard multiple regression analysis indicated that breastfeeding attitudes, successful breastfeeding in hospital, and breastfeeding support from family could explain 51% of the variance of duration of exclusive breastfeeding among adolescent mothers (R2 = .511) with statistical significance (F (5, 94) = 19.64, p < 0.01). The predictive variables were breastfeeding attitudes (ß = .46, t = 5.96, p < 0.01), successful breastfeeding in hospital (ß = .34, t = 3.48, p < 0.01), and breastfeeding support from family (ß = .20, t = 2.12, p < 0.01), respectively. However, the two variables, knowledge related to benefits and techniques of breastfeeding and breastfeeding support from health personnel, could not predict duration of exclusive breastfeeding among adolescent mothers in the Lower Southern Region of Thailand. The results of this study can be used as basic information to develop nursing models or programs to promote longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding, especially in adolescent mothers.