ผลของโปรแกรมศิลปะบำบัดตามกระบวนการสร้างสัมพันธภาพเพื่อการบำบัดทางการพยาบาล ต่อภาวะสมาธิสั้นของเด็กโรคสมาธิสั้น

Abstract

This quasi-experimental, two-group pretest-posttest research aimed to examine the effect of an art therapy program based on the process of nursing therapeutic relationship on attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms among children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Participants comprised 60 children aged 9-12 years diagnosed with ADHD. The participants were assigned into matched pairs based on age and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and allocated to one or other of two groups each of 30 children. The experimental group received the program and usual care, whereas the control group received only usual care. The research instruments consisted of (1) an art therapy program based on the process of nursing therapeutic relationship developed from the conceptual framework of art activities (Lowenfeld, 1987) and interpersonal relationships (Peplau, 1991) and literature review for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder consisting of eight activities, two activities per session, each activity of 30-45 minutes, continuous two sessions a week; (2) the demographic data questionnaire; and (3) Swanson Nolan and Pelham IV Scale (inattention and hyperactivity/ impulsive). Content validity of the instrument parts 1 and 2 was verified by three experts. The reliability of the SNAP-IV scale was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, yielding a value of .85. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test and Mann- Whitney test. The results revealed that the median score of the SNAP-IV scales, inattention and hyperactivity/impulsive, of children with ADHD after participating in the art therapy program ware statically significantly less than those before participating in the program (Z = -4.87, p < .001; Z=-4.86, p < .000 respectively). In addition, the mean rank scores of SNAP-IV scales, inattention and hyperactivity/impulsive, of children with ADHD participating in the program ware statistically significantly less than those of participants who received only usual care (Z=-6.75, p < .001; Z=-6.77, p < .001 respectively). Thus, the art therapy program based on the process of nursing therapeutic relationship for children with ADHD could reduce attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms of children. Therefore, it could be applied in the program for nursing implementation at child psychiatric out-patient clinics and child psychiatric wards in hospitals.