รูปแบบการจัดการการท่องเที่ยวเชิงนิเวศ พื้นที่อุทยานแห่งชาติทางทะเลในประเทศไทย

Abstract

The study on the development of ecotourism management model in marine parks in Thailand has its objectives as 1) to study potential and present ecotourism management models of the marine parks in Thailand, 2) to analyze and synthesize present ecotourism management models of the marine parks in Thailand, and 3) to formulate the ecotourism management model of the marine parks in Thailand. This study was conducted with the qualitative method by employing ecotourism sites' potential survey kit to evaluate 26 marine parks in order to rank 6 marine parks, 3 parks from the Gulf of Thailand and 3 from the Andaman Sea namely 1) Mu Koh Chang National Park, Trat Province, 2) Mu Koh Angthong National Park, Suratthani Province, 3) Mu Koh Chumporn National Park, Chumporn Province, 4) Mu Koh Surin National Park, Phangnga Province, 5) Mu Koh Similan National Park, Phangnga Province, and 6) Mu Koh Tarutao National Park, Satun Province. After that, the data were collected by using in-depth interview, focus-group, and observation from marine parks' directors, heads, and assistants to the heads, experts, and tourists. The result found that ecotourism management in marine parks in Thailand could be categorize into 7 aspects of management as 1) tourism system's policy and planning management, 2) tourism activity management, 3) communication and interpretation management, 4) tourism service management, 5) economics and social management, 6) partnership management for tourism, and 7) tourism development management. However, most of them were ineffective especially tourism system's policy and planning management because it could not be connected with other management aspects effectively. The results from focus groups with marine parks' stakeholders and experts suggested that ecotourism management model in marine parks can be newly formulated and developed to enhance effectiveness in sustainable management. The model composes of 11 components that need to be emphasized namely 1) policy management and tourism planning, 2) tourism development management, 3) human resource management, 4) tourism activity management, 5) communication and interpretation management, 6) tourism service and facility management, 7) management of tourism impacts on environment, 8) tourism benefit management, 9) economic and social management, 10) participation management of stakeholders, and 11) area change monitoring and evaluation management.