สมรรถภาพทางกายของเยาวชนมโนราห์ในสถาบันอุดมศึกษาจังหวัดสงขลา

Abstract

The objectives of this mixed methods research were: 1. To examine physical fitness necessary for Manora dance training; 2. To compare physical fitness before and after Manora dance training; and 3. To explore beliefs related to the choreography of Manora dance. Quantitatively, data were collected from 20 students of the Performing Arts Division, Faculty of Fine Arts, Thaksin University in the academic year 2018, recruited using purposive sampling. They were selected based on required qualifications and were trained with basic movements of Manora dance based on the 12 positions of the Nora family of Khun Uppatham Narakorn (Phum Thewa). They were trained by Achan Thammanit Nikhomrat three 60-minute sessions a week for three months. Their physical fitness tests were conducted according to the Sports Science Center principles. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and dependent sample t-test; the statistical significance value was .05. Qualitatively, data were collected from related literature, from the field through in-depth interviews with 30 informants, and through non-participant observation. The data were then classified according to the study issues, interpreted, and concluded. The study results revealed that physical fitness necessary for Manora dance training according to assessment by seven experts consisted of four aspects: body composition, muscular strength, muscular flexibility, and balance. Regarding the physical fitness tests before and after the 3-month Manora dance training, it was found that after the training: 1. The hip-to-waist ratio was reduced at a statistical significance level of .05. 2. Muscular flexibility increased when seated forward bend at a statistical significance level of .01. 3. Muscular flexibility increased at a statistical significance level of .01. When practicing Manora dance regularly, Manora dancers could perform gracefully and beautifully for a long time without being exhausted and could also rapidly return to the normal physical condition. For beliefs related to the choreography of Manora dance, there are local legendary beliefs and literature of the Southern part that have been inherited from generation to generation for a long time. Particularly, in Songkhla Province, there are beliefs about the choreography of Manora dance of the Nora family of Khun Uppatham Narakorn (Phum Thewa) that is used in performance on special occasions of the province. It is considered inheritance of local Southern wisdom that is well-known and Manora dance is preserved as prominent performing arts of Southern Thailand.