The effects on short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by probiotics on 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Abstract

Obesity, characterized by excessive body fat, significantly raises the risk of serious health issues, and has become a global health concern with rapidly rising rates. The intestinal microbiome plays a crucial role in obesity by influencing metabolism, fat storage, and inflammation, which can contribute to the development and progression of the condition. This research aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity of short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) extract and cell-free supernatant (CFS) produced by various probiotic Lactobacillus strains on lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression on 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. The co-culture of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SD1 (L. paracasei SD1) and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus SD11 (L. rhamnosus SD11) in a ratio of 1:1 produced the highest amount of SCFAs when incubated for 24 hours at 45 �C. A comparison of the CFS exhibited a significantly higher suppression of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes than the SCFAs extract. Additionally, we observed that the CFS had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation, which was associated with a significant downregulation of the gene expression levels of PPAR?, C/EBP-?, C/EBP-?, LPL, and FAS. These results suggest that the anti-obesity effects of CFS are related to the suppression of adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, indicating that CFS could be utilized as an anti-obesity functional food.????W?????????????????????????D?????????????? ?????W?????????????D??]??????????W????????????????D????? ?????????`??]??????????????????????????????????????D????????? ?????????F???????W???????????????????W?? ????D????D? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????D????D?????????????????W????W????????W????W ???????????F??? ??????????????????????????????W??????W??????????????????????????? (SCFAs extract) ??? ?????????????????????? ????F (cell-free supernatant; CFS) ??????????????????????????????????????F??D??????????????????? ?????????????? ?D??W??????W???D??????????????????????????????????W????????????W????F 3T3-L1 adipocyte ????????????? ??????????????????????????????????D???????? Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SD1 (L. paracasei SD1) ??? Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus SD11 (L. rhamnosus SD11) ????????D?? 1:1 ???D??????????? SCFAs ??W?????? ????????? ??????D???`????? 24 ?????????????????? 45 �C ????????????????? CFS ???????????????????????????????F 3T3- L1 adipocyte ????????D???????? SCFAs ??D????????????? ????????? ?????????D? CFS ??????????????????????????????F????? ?????????W??W?????????????? ??????????F????????????????????????????????? PPAR?, C/EBP-?, C/EBP-?, LPL ??? FAS ??D????????????? ??????F???D?????D?????D?????? CFS ???????W??????W?? ??????????W????????????????????W??????? ??????F????? 3T3-L1 ??????? CFS ??????????W??`????????????W??????W????W