สัณฐานวิทยาและสรีรวิทยาของมะเขือเทศที่มีผลต่อความชอบของแมลงหวี่ขาว Bemisia tabaci (G.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Abstract

Host plant preference of phytophagous insect relates with their larval survival, nutrition and plant taxonomy. Thy study on host plant preference of Bemisia tabaci (G.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on four tomato varieties, Seeda, golden pearl, cherry and wild tomato was carried out as a series of non-choice and choice test of B. tabaci development and reproduction in the observation cage. Results presented that B. tabaci had the best development and reproduction on tomato variety Seeda followed by golden pearl, cherry and lowest in wild tomato, respectively. In consistent with the morphology and biochemical of four tomato varieties, although the biochemical characteristics of wild tomato was suitable for B. tabaci growth with the highest food nutrition and lowest phenolic compounds, plant secondary metabolites playing important roles in plant resistance, wild tomato had highest glandular trichome on leaf and under leaf that obstructed to B. tabaci inhabitance. Then, wild tomato resistance against B. tabaci was antixenosis. In contrast, tomato Seeda variety was the susceptible variety for B. tabaci infestation with the high non-glandular trichome supporting the development and reproduction of B. tabaci and low phenolic compounds. Bemesia tabaci attracted to tomato Seeda variety more than other tomato varieties within first five minutes of B. tabaci release in the choice test. Results also indicated that tomato cherry and golden pearl varieties had antibiosis resistance. Bemesia tabaci developed slowly on these two tomato varieties. Even though B. tabaci was left on each tomato varieties in equal time period in non-choice test, there was not 4th instar larvae and adult of B. tabaci on tomato cherry variety. In consistent with the morphology and biochemical characteristics, tomato cherry and golden pearl varieties had significantly higher phenolic compounds than that of other tomato varieties. However, result of choice test presented that there was no significant difference in the population number of B. tabaci between tomato varieties after left for three weeks. This result confirmed that polyphagous insects try to reach highest reproduction if they have chance to choice host plants. Result of the study on tomato piercing for sap sucking using electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique presented that there was no significant difference in the piercing number of B. tabaci among four tomato varieties.