ผลของสูตรอาหาร กรดแอสคอร์บิค และแหล่งคาร์บอนต่อการชักนำและการพัฒนาของโซมาติกเอ็มบริโอปาล์มน้ำมันพันธุ์ทรัพย์ ม.อ.

Abstract

SUP-PSU oil palm is one of tenera type. The advantages of this hybrid were high yield and drought tolerance. It needs to propagate by tissue culture technique for uniformity of seedlings. Tissue culture via somatic embryogenesis is an alternative method for propagation of oil palm because it is suitable to mass propagation. Thus, the aim of this research was to study chopping on embryogenic callus proliferation and some factors affecting induction of somatic embryo. For chopping, embryogenic callus chopped at 50 times gave the embryogenic callus fresh weight (0.53 g) higher than that of non-chopped one after 20 days of culture. Embryogenic callus at 0.1 g cultured Y medium with 0.1M lactose, 3% sucrose and 200 mg/L ascorbic acid gave the highest globular embryo (GE) induction at 100%, number of GEs at 52.68 embryos/tube, haustorium embryo (HE) induction at 84.21%, number of HEs at 14.01 embryos/tube, secondary somatic embryo (SSE) induction at 52.63% and number of SSEs at 6.67 embryos/tube after 60 days of culture. Therefore, this medium was suitable for somatic embryo induction and this protocol will be used for effective in vitro propagation of oil palm SUP-PSU in the future. For HE germination, the highest survival rate at 90%, shoot and root formation at 10%, average number of shoots per explant at 2.50 shoots, average shoot length at 0.58 cm, average number of roots per explant at 1.30 roots and average root length at 1.61 cm were obtained on PGR-free ½MS medium with 0.2% activated charcoal and 2% sucrose after 60 days of culture. In case of SSE germination, PGR-free MS medium with 200 mg/L ascorbic acid and 3% sucrose gave germination rate at 40%, number of shoots per explant at 2.33 shoots and shoot length at 1.42 cm after 60 days of culture. In case of liquid medium, PGR-free OPCM#1 medium with 200 mg/L ascorbic acid and 3% sucrose gave the highest SE induction at 100% and number of SEs at 13.5 embryos/flask after 60 days of culture.