ผลของโปรแกรมสนับสนุนการเรียนรู้ด้านโภชนาการต่อพฤติกรรมการบริโภคอาหารและระดับความดันโลหิตในสมาชิกชมรมผู้สูงอายุที่ควบคุมภาวะความดันโลหิตสูงไม่ได้

Abstract

This quasi-experimental one group time series design aimed to examine the effects of a nutritional education support program on dietary behaviors and blood pressure level in elderly club members with uncontrolled hypertension. Eexperiential learning theory, group processes of Marram and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) were used as a framework of this study. The sample consisted of 36 elderly selected by purposive sampling, qualification-based sampling. The research was conducted in two phases. During the control phase, the sample received a regular care program over seven weeks. During the experimental phase, the sample received the nutritional educational support over the subsequent seven weeks. Data were collected using the Dietary Behaviors of Elderly Questionnaire that yielded internal consistency reliability value of 0.72. Blood Pressure Level Evaluation data obtained at the 15th week were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and one-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results of this study revealed as the following: 1. Mean score of subjects' dietary behaviors after receiving the nutritional education support program was significantly higher than that before the program (t = -5.50, p < .001) 2. Mean score of subjects' systolic blood pressure level after receiving for the nutritional education support program were significantly lower than that before program (F = 18.87, p < .001). For between each pair of systolic blood pressure levels, there were significant differences of systolic blood pressure level between the first week and the fifteenth week (d = -14.00, p<.001) and between the eighth week and the fifteenth week (d = -14.72, p< .001) 3. Mean score of subjects' diastolic blood pressure level after receiving for the nutritional education support program was significantly lower than that before program (F = 8.82, p < .01). For between each pair of diastolic blood pressure levels, there were significant differences of diastolic blood pressure level between the first week and the fifteenth week (d = -8.22, p < .01) and between the eighth week and the fifteenth week (d = -6.11, p< .01) Healthcare providers are able to use the nutritional education support programming order to improve dietary behaviors and control blood pressure of elderly with uncontrolled hypertension. However, longitudinal study design is needed for confirming on the sustainability of the program.