การประเมินผลกระทบทางสุขภาพจากการท่องเที่ยวโดยชุมชน : กรณีศึกษา อำเภออ่าวลึก จังหวัดกระบี่

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to assess health impact from community-based tourism in Ban Laem Sak Community and Ban Tham Suea Community in Ao Luek District, Krabi Province. Four steps of health impact assessment were employed: public screening, public scoping, assessing, and public review. This concurrent impact assessment was intermediate appraisal. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, workshop and participant observation on fifty informants consisting of representatives of the Community Tourism Development, local people, informants from the government sector, private sector and other local organizations; content analysis was performed. The study found that community tourism improved community economy. Incomes of many occupational groups increased such as community enterprises, guided tours, Hua Thong Long-tailed Boat groups, local orchid conservation and breeding groups, and batik groups. Income distribution was also found among other related occupational groups inside and outside the area such as organic aquatic animal processing groups, and natural shrimp past groups. The employment rates of the two communities were found to increase. Management of community tourism benefits was carried out in the form of social business where benefits were shared with society or community. Socio-culturally, it was found that community tourism revived and conserved traditional culture in food, costume, and entertainment such as Peranakan culture of the Southern Malay Peninsula, Rong Ngeng dance, batik sarong printed with ancient painting patterns, and native fishing wisdom. In the two communities, there were tourist activities in culture, food, and various health activities such as biking, and mud spa, etc. Regarding natural resources, it was found that the two communities had similar natural resources and environmental management. They had environmental conservation activities such as mangrove reforestation and nypa palm reforestation that enhance animal and plant fertility. (8) It is recommended for the two communities that there should be measures to control the number of tourists to sensitive tourist attractions such as nursery grounds for wild orchids and lady’s slipper orchids. There should also be agreements on local aquatic animal care, mangrove reforestation, environmental management policy, community tourism activities that promote natural resources and environmental conservation, rules and regulations or measures for community tourism management including measures for conservation, revival, and development of natural resources in the community, including creating community tourism networks and networks for management of natural resources, traditions and culture to make community tourism sustainable.