ผลกระทบและการปรับตัวในการทำประมงภายหลังการออกพระราชกำหนดเรือประมง พ.ศ. 2558 : กรณีศึกษาตำบลปากน้ำชุมพร อำเภอเมือง จังหวัดชุมพร

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to investigate: 1) the effects of the Fisheries Act, B.E. 2558 (A.D. 2015), after it became effective, on fishing boat owners and fishery workers in Pak Nam Chumphon Subdistrict, Mueang Chumphon District, Chumphon Province; and 2) adaptations of fishing boat owners and fishery workers in Pak Nam Chumphon Subdistrict, Mueang Chumphon District, Chumphon Province after the Fisheries Act, B.E. 2558 (AD. 2015) came into effect. This qualitative study collected data through in-depth interviews and non-participant observations of five owners of 30 gross tonnage or larger fishing boats with surrounding nets (black nets) who had been in the occupation of fishing for at least three years; five Thai and immigrant fishery workers, and one government official. Content analysis and descriptive analysis were conducted. The results of the study revealed that after the Fisheries Act, B.E. 2558 (A.D. 2015) came into force, the following four effects were found on fishing boat owners and fishery workers. 1) Stricter enforcement on public health affects fishing boat owners as they have to prepare health and security equipment on their boats which incurs extra expenses. Regulations on the number of fishing days and rest breaks from work reduce work time even though more rest time is beneficial to fishery workers. 2) Socially, requirements that employment contracts be made in writing result in some fishing boat owners snatching fishery workers from others because of the limited number of fishery workers. However, contracts are beneficial to workers as they are not exploited, and no human trafficking happens. 3) Economically, income and expenses do not balance because of fewer fishing days; workers have to find extra jobs to do on days off from fishing work. 4) Legally, more requirements result in difficulties for boat owners and workers. It takes more time before fishing boats can leave and more expenses for installation of various instruments. The delays of inbound and outbound boats result from waiting for officials to check them on each and every trip. Four aspects of adaptation were found as follows. 1) Physically, the fishing boat owners have to prepare health security equipment on board which entails more expenditure. Requirements on the number of fishing days and rest time for workers result in less work time but more rest time for workers. 2) Self-conceptually-Fishing boat owners foresee less income, are discouraged, have risks and uncertainty of the occupation but the law makes workers feel they have more safety in life. 3) Roles and responsibilities-boat owners have to play the role of governing all people on board as head who makes plans while fishery workers must be able to do many things as ordered by the head. 4) Interdependence-boat owners and workers help each other, talk together and caring for each other like family members which is the advantage of working and living together on the boats.