การพัฒนาผลิตภัณฑ์โฟมยางพาราผสมสารฟิโรโมนเมทิลยูจินอลสำหรับดึงดูดแมลงวันผลไม้ Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract

The effects of natural rubber foam mixed with methyl eugenol (ME) product for attractant to adult male Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on different concentration of methyl eugenol, foam density, foam thickness, cross- sectional area, resistance in high temperature and the efficiency in the field were investigated. The effects of 50, 100, 200 and 300 μl ME concentration in natural rubber foam and dried at external environment for 0 - 120 days on attractant to adult male B. dorsalis were studied. The 50 μl ME concentration at day 0 showed percentage attraction to adult male B. dorsalis 61.66 ± 1.67% while the rest ME concentrations at day 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 were not significantly different of percentage attraction (P>0.05). At day 120 of the 200 μl ME concentration showed percentage attraction to the fly 27.50 ± 4.96% and significantly different from other concentrations (P<0.05). The natural rubber foam densities at 0.21, 0.23 and 0.25 g/cm3 with 50 μl ME concentration on attractant to adult male B. dorsalis were studied. At day 15, the percentage attraction of adult male B. dorsalis of all densities were not significantly different (P>0.05) with percentage value 41.67 ± 6.41, 69.17 ± 5.07 and 70.83 ± 3.52%, respectively. All natural rubber foam densities showed the efficiency of attraction to adult male B. dorsalis up to 120 days. The natural rubber foam thickness at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 cm with 50 μl ME concentration on attractant to adult male B. dorsalis were studied. The natural rubber foam thickness at 1.0 cm showed the percentage attraction to adult male B. dorsalis higher than other natural rubber foam thickness and significantly different (P<0.05). At day 15 and 30, the natural rubber foam thickness 1.0 cm gave high percentage of attraction value with 59.17 ± 8.31 and 46.67 ± 5.58%, respectively. In addition, at day 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120, the natural rubber foam thickness 1.0 cm showed percentage attraction to adult male B. dorsalis 16.70 ± 5.10, 23.30 ± 6.50, 24.20 ± 6.10, 23.30 ± 6.50 and 8.30 ± 2.10%, respectively, and significantly different from the rest natural rubber foam thickness (P<0.05). The cross-sectional area of natural rubber foam at 5.0 X 5.0, 5.0 X 2.5 and 2.5 x 2.5 cm2 with 50 μl ME concentration on attractant to adult male B. dorsalis were investigated. All cross-sectional areas were not significantly different on the percentage attraction to adult male B. dorsalis (P>0.05) with ranged 5.00 - 80.83%. At day 15, the cross-sectional area at 5.0 X 5.0 cm2 showed the highest percentage attraction to adult male B. dorsalis 80.83 ± 6.20% and have efficiency of attraction up to 120 days. The temperature effects of natural rubber foam and the cotton plug with 50 μl ME concentration on attraction to adult male B. dorsalis were investigated. The different temperatures at 25, 35, 45, 55 and 65°C and different incubation times at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hrs of natural rubber foam and the cotton plug were tested. The natural rubber foam at 65°C showed percentage attraction to adult male B. dorsalis ranged 25.83 - 71.67% and significantly different from the cotton plug with percentage attraction ranged 17.08 - 30.42% (P<0.05). The efficiency of natural rubber foam and cotton plug trap with 50 μl ME concentration on attraction to adult male B. dorsalis were investigated in the field condition of three sapodilla orchards at Kohyor, Mueng district, Songkhla province. At the week 1 - 3, the cotton plug trap showed the highest captured flies ranged 172.67 - 314.20 flies/trap while the natural rubber foam trap was ranged 24.83 56.20 flies/trap. At the week 4 - 10, the natural rubber foam can release the ME constantly up to 10 weeks with the number of captured flies ranged 28.36 - 74.60 flies/trap and significantly higher than the cotton trap was ranged 1.17 -3.60 flies/trap (P<0.05). From of all results, the natural rubber foam product mixed with ME are suitable than cotton trap for control fruit flies pest population in nature.