Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Positive Youth DevelopmentProgrammes on Sexual Health among Adolescents

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a time of preparation for the future. Young adolescents are pressed to find new roles, and develop identities and self- definitions that will propel them towards their adult life. Sexual health among adolescents remains a controversial issue in many societies. Positive youth development (PYD) programmes can help adolescents strengthen relationships in their social networks and promote sexual health outcomes. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of PYD programs on the sexual health of adolescents. Methods: The retrieval and inclusion criteria were developed a priori and was used to search the literature. Searches for articles published between 2005 and 2015 were conducted in PubMed, BMJ journals, ProQuest, Springer Links and Google scholar database. Further searches were done through an identified reference list of relevant review articles. Data extractions and quality assessment were carried out on studies selected for full text appraisal by using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses) guidelines. A meta-analysis was performed on the interventions that had a contemporaneous control group and conceptual similarity in the outcome of interest. Results: A total of 11 interventions were reviewed. Meta-analysis showed that PYD programs significantly increased condom used at first intercourse [OR=1.46 (1.05-2.02)]. Conclusion: Effective PYD program can promote condom use among adolescents but has no evidence of other safe sex practice. Further studies on PYD programs and sexual health outcomes should be conducted to customize the program for other sexual health outcomes.