????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Musa balbisiana)

Abstract

Kluai Tani banana fruits (Musa balbisiana fruit) are an agricultural product that is not typically consumed because the banana fruit contains many seeds and a small amount of flesh. However, this type of banana contains phytochemicals that exhibit interesting biological effects. Therefore, this research aimed to study extraction conditions for bioactive compounds from the banana fruits. The unripe banana fruits were extracted using ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by spray drying to obtain the microencapsule powder. The microencapsules were analyzed for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant activities, physical properties, chemical properties, functional properties, and biological activities related to the gastrointestinal system, including ?-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibition and the protection of intestinal epithelial-like cells from free radical damage in vitro. The results indicated that the microencapsules had an encapsulation efficiency value of 59.61%. The major chemical composition was carbohydrates (81.42%). Water absorption index, water solubility index, oil absorption index, emulsifying ability, foaming ability and foaming stability, were found to be 3.19 � 0.07 g/g dried sample, 45.41 � 0.65%, 1.66 � 0.06%, 70.81 � 2.63%, 9.33 � 1.15%, and 2.67 � 1.15%, respectively. The shape of the microencapsule particles was spherical with a smooth surface and a deflated structure, but not broken. The average particle size was 17.92 �m. In a simulated digestive system, the total phenolic content of the microencapsules decreased, but total antioxidant activities remained unchanged. Additionally, the microencapsules exhibited inhibitory effects on ?-glucosidase and DPP-IV. When the microencapsules were tested in colon epithelial cell culture using Caco-2 as a cell model, it was found that concentrations lower than 5000 �g/mL exhibited no toxicity to the cells and could prevent H2O2-induced cell death by 70%. The microencapsules were able to reduce ROS levels in cells 6 to 7-fold and could maintain epithelial cell integrity from H2O2-induced damage by 75%. In the final part, the microencapsules were developed into a healthy drinking powder. Supplementation with 10% (w/w) microencapsules in the product resulted in a significant increase in phenolic content and exhibited the predicted glycemic index level lower than commercial products. Hence, microencapsules derived from crude M. balbisiana banana extract have the potential to serve as functional food components, given their decent functional properties and biological activities for the gastrointestinal system and blood sugar control??????????? (Musa balbisiana fruit) ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Response Surface Methodology) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????????? ? -glucosidase ??? DPP-IV ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 5-8% (w/v) ????????????????????????? 49-76% ??????????????????????? 28-36 ???? ??????????????? (%Yield) ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????? DPPH ??????????????????????? ABTS ?????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 59.61 ???????????????????????????????????????????? (81.42%) ?????????????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????? 3.19�0.07 g/g dried sample, 45.41�0.65%, 1.66�0.06%, 70.81�2.63%, 9.33�1.15% ??? 2.67�1.15% ???????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? 17.92 ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?-glucosidase ??? DPP-IV ??? ????????????????????? Caco-2 ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? 5000 �g/mL ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? H2O2 ????????? 70 ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ROS ?????????? 6 ??? 7 ???? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 75% ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 10% (w/w) ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (predicted glycemic index) ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????