การประยุกต์ใช้การประเมินผลกระทบทางสุขภาพในการจัดทำแผนการท่องเที่ยวโดยชุมชน ในพื้นที่ตำบลทรายขาว อำเภอโคกโพธิ์ จังหวัดปัตตานี

Abstract

The objectives of this action research were to study the health impacts in terms of economic, social-cultural, environmental and health aspects caused by community-based tourism in Sai Khao Subdistrict, Khok Pho District, Pattani Province and to develop community-based tourism strategies in Sai Khao Subdistrict, Khok Pho District, Pattani Province. The five-step health impact assessment process, namely public screening, scoping the study by the public, assessing health impacts, reviewing the draft report, and pushing it into the decisionmaking process was implemented. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected by focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, questionnaires, public hearings and workshops. The informants were 7 representatives of the government officials, 16 representatives of other organizations/groups, 6 community leaders, 2 representatives of academics and 360 general people living in the community. Qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, namely percentage, mean and standard deviation. Based on the findings, the impacts of community-based tourism in Sai Khao Subdistrict, Khok Pho District, Pattani Province consist of 4 aspects. In terms of the positive economic impacts, people in the community can gain extra income and have new careers from tourism services. The distribution of income is linked to other groups related to tourism. As a result, the quality of life of the people in the community has been improved. As for the negative impacts, the income has been distributed to only certain groups of people directly related to tourism in the community. Therefore, the management of tourism benefits is unfair and incomprehensive. As for the positive social-cultural impacts, tourism has contributed to the conservation and restoration of community traditions and culture with diversity of multicultural society. Knowledge has been transferred by the elderly in the community to raise awareness, and cherish the preservation, conservation and restoration of the traditional way of life of the community. In terms of the negative impacts, there is unrest situation in the three southern border provinces. As a result, tourists do not dare to stay overnight in the area because they feel unsafe for life and property. For this reason, tourism in the area is not popular among people from different areas. In terms of the positive environmental impacts, there are resources for tourism management in the community. The abundant natural resources are used as the production base in the agricultural sector. There are also social history and ancient sites. There is a diversity of multicultural society. Therefore, a lot of tourist attractions in the community can attract tourists. As for the negative impacts, not all tourist attractions are provided with tourism facilities and services such as road signs and transportation. Consequently, tourists travel to the tourist attractions with inconvenient and unsafe feelings, causing dissatisfaction to the tourists. For the positive health impacts, the overall people in the area are happy with tourism management at a high level (X= 3.96). They are happy with the participation in community tourism resource management in terms of conservation of natural resources, community traditions and culture and participation in tourism management. As for the negative impacts, the spread of the COVID-19 and the unrest situation in the three southern border provinces have affected the mental health problems of people in the community, causing stress, anxiety and distrust against each other. The study results of the community-based tourism strategies of Sai Khao Subdistrict revealed that there is the 5-year community-based tourism strategy (2023-2027), consisting of 6 strategies, namely 1) developing the basic factors, services and security to accommodate all groups of tourists; 2) developing the community-based tourism management system; 3) developing the economy, society and quality of life of people in the community, 4) enhancing the tourism experience by focusing on tourists; 5) promoting and conserving the cultural heritage of multicultural society and 6) promoting, conserving and restoring natural resources and the environment sustainably. There are 35 projects under these strategies.