Synthesis of TiO2(B) NWs/SnO2 NTs Hybrid Structure for Developing Lithium Ion Battery Anode

Abstract

Manganese oxide (MnO2), Tin oxide on Manganese oxide nanowires. Synthesis of hybrid structural composites of Titanium dioxide phase B nanowires (TiO2(B)) and Tin oxide nanotubes (SnO2) was prepared by using hydrothermal method. Manganese oxide can be synthesized as a nanowire with a diameter of about 74.6 nm. Tin oxide nanoparticles were coated on manganese oxide nanowires by using Tin chloride. Tin oxide particles were found throughout on a short nanowire with roughness surface. The composite powder was reduced with oxalic acid to remove the manganese oxide nanowires core. It can be removed, only the tin oxide nanoparticle was formed to the nanotube by agglomeration. When the amount of precursor for Tin ion (Sn2+) was reduced, the synthesized nanotubes had the size of tin oxide nanoparticles decrease cause of improvement of the surface area of the nanotubes. Results of the study of cyclic voltammetry technique show that the reduction of Tin chloride content affects the charge and discharge reactions of Lithium ions (Li+) in the reaction. It has the best charging and discharging reactions cause of the rise of ion diffusion coefficient. The morphology of TiO2(B) nanowire and SnO2 nanotubes with ratio of 2:1 and 1:1 by weight which the best electrochemical properties, S4 (0.10 g) nanotubes were selected. Hydrothermal synthesis disperses the agglomerated nanotubes in the composite. XRD curves at the 2Theta position at the range of 10-40 degrees were found to shift at 2Theta=14.2 and 25.0 degrees while the height at 2Theta=26.6 degrees decreased due to the insertion of Yttrium atom (Y3+). Electrochemical properties of composites by cyclic voltammetry technique displayed increases the intensity of the oxidation curve when Yttrium ratio increases and lowers reduction by 1.3 times after 25 cycles which the oxidation peaks was strongly increased, the reduction peaks was reduced and the diffusion coefficient better than the pure TiO2(B) nanowire electrode. Electrochemical properties of TiO2(B) nanowire and tin oxide nanotubes composite materials with 1:1 doped with Yttrium at the different ratio from 0 to 1 %mole displayed the influence of dopants on their properties that high the oxidation curve position which Yttrium was at 0.5 %mole has the highest electrochemical properties analyzed by using the cyclic voltammetry technique. At the 25 cycle testing, the oxidation curve position increased and reduction decreased due to increased reversibility reaction. The 0.5 %mole Yttrium (TSY1150) had a high diffusion coefficient 13 times approximately compared with undoped composite materials but it decreased when the dopant was increased. Impedance measurement of 1:1 by weight composite material doped Yttrium resulted in lower total cell resistance and charge resistance than undoped materials. While charging and discharging tests of battery cells using composite material as an anode, TiO2(B) and SnO2 at a ratio of 1:1 by weight doped with Yttrium, were fabricated and compared to undiluted composites The addition of elemental atom increased the battery capacity which more than undoped composites materials. The capacity of the battery after 50 cycles was decreased which the capacity retention was reduced to 27.7 percent. The results of the study will help to the development of the power cell materials in the future.