การพัฒนาระบบฐานข้อมูลเพื่อการจัดการอุทกภัยโดยการประสานความร่วมมือระหว่างชุมชนและองค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่น : กรณีศึกษา 2 ตำบล ในพื้นที่ลุ่มน้ำทะเลสาบสงขลา

Abstract

This Participatory Action Research (PAR) aims to develop a database system for flood management by collaboration of communities and local authorities. It also focuses on studying factors facilitative and obstructive to the process implemented in two areas: Tamod Subdistrict, Tamod District in Phatthalung Province; and Ramdaeng Subdistrict, Singha Nakohn District in Songkhla Province. Its mixed research methodology is based on both qualitative and quantitative research methods, including documentary research, interviews, brainstorming from a target group of approximately six - twenty people who are core-team members, community leaders, and officials of local authorities. Geographical Information System (GIS) and PostgresSQL program were employed in the development of model program. The research stages are as follows: collecting flood data in the areas, designing the database system, designing a community data collection form (for every household and villager) and its implementation to be input into the database system, organizing a training course on how to use the database system, pre- and post-test of participants' knowledge on the database system, an evaluation of there satisfaction in using the database system, a Table-Top Exercise - TTX as a means for exploring the tentative outcomes of database system uses, and an integration of the database system between the community and the local authority. Data analyses are based on analytical induction, descriptive statistics and GIS. The significant research outcome is the database system for flood management derived from a collaborative and consistent process between the community and its local authority. Whereas the researcher functioned as the core in the mobilization. The database system is comprised of both primary data identified and collected by the villagers, together with secondary data - basic data layers in base-maps. The five components of data include environmental and physical aspects, population, economic and social aspects, and previous community floods. Each component entails diverse levels of data, ranging from individual, household and village/subdistrict ones. After the database system was formulated, the research evaluated the use of database from all stakeholders in the aspects of pre- and post- tests of the users' knowledge and their satisfaction, as well as the outcomes of TTX. An integration of the database between the community and its local authority and returning the database to the villagers were also operated. It is found that all dimensions of the evaluation results are at the satisfying levels. The core-team members reflected that the database system could respond to the local need as expected. Factors facilitative to the development of database system are as follows: external factors include various patterns of support from governmental sector; and internal ones entail different aspects of support from local authority, leaders' capacities, local participation, harmony, and social relationship of villagers themselves and between villagers and officials. Individual-level factors are activeness and enthusiasm of people. Obstructive factors are as follows: external factor is the lack of support from the governmental sector. The internal ones are as follows: Local officials' lacks of knowledge, skills and expertise in disaster management. The local authority has no community data. Individual-level factors include household economic condition, lacks of knowledge, skills, expertise in disaster management and awareness of seriousness and impacts of natural disaster.