การมีส่วนร่วมของชุมชนในการจัดการเขตอนุรักษ์สัตว์น้ำ : กรณีศึกษา หมู่ที่ 1 ตำบลป่าขาด อำเภอสิงหนคร จังหวัดสงขลา

Abstract

The research aims to study 1) stages and methods of building up community participation in aquatic animal protected Areas in Moo 1, Pa-khad Sub-district, Singhanakhon District, Songkhla Province, 2) level and outcomes of the participation. A mixed method approach was employed. Its focus of qualitative research methods includes semi-structured interviews, participatory obscrvation and focus group discussion with twelve core-team members of the committee of marine animal protected area. The quantitative research method entails questionnaires with representatives of ninety-two households. Statistical analyses are based on frequency, percentage, mean standard deviation, and t-test for the participation outcomes. Results found that the level of overall community participation was high. The levels of participation in five stages were as follows: 1) searching for causes and problems was high (X=3.68). 2) planning for solution was medium (X=3.18), 3) implementation was high (X-3.50), 4) obtaining benefits was highest (X=3.92), and 5) follow-up and evaluation was medium (X=3.20). Based on the concept of livelihoods approach, and the t-test analysis the outcomes of community participation at the household and community levels were ranked in the same way: increasing in natural capital were the highest, then human capital, financial capital, social capital and physical capital respectively. With statistical significance at 0.01 Factors facilitative to the participation promotion were as follows: 1) leaders and core-team members; 2) kinship networks or social capital; 3) interactions of natural, social and human capital in the community; 4) mechanisms contributing to consistent interactions; 5) collective sense of the protected area as public property; 6) promotions from governmental agencies; and 7) social attentions from outside organizations. Obstructive factors were: 1) time constraints for villagers' participation, 2) lack of younger generations to carry on the activities.