Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Self-Efficacy in Performing the Maternal Role Scale in First-Time Pregnant Adolescents in Indonesia (SEPMRS-Indonesia)

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a self-efficacy in performing the maternal role scale for the first time pregnant adolescents in Indonesia (SEPMRS-Indonesia). Two phases of scale development were conducted: 1) scale development phase, and 2) psychometric evaluation phase. The conceptual framework of this study was based on the self-efficacy theory of Bandura (1977), the concept of the maternal role from Rubin (1984), a literature review of the concept of the maternal role, and individual interviews of 12 Indonesian pregnant adolescents with a first-time pregnancy. The first draft of the scale comprised seven domains with 78 items. The content validity index was judged by five experts yielding a CVI of .94. Data from a total of 602 Indonesian pregnant adolescents with a first- time pregnancy were used in this study after test the statical analysis assumptions. The construct validity was determined by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and known group technique. The internal consistency reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and stability tests using test-retest method. The EFA yielded two factors of 60 items which explained 58.85% of the total of variance consisted of: (1) being able to perform essential activities during pregnancy, and (2) maintaining health and happiness during their pregnancy. The range of overall Cronbach's alpha coeeficients were .97 to .98. The result of known group technique showed a significant mean difference on the scores of SEPMRS-Indonesia between pregnant adult and pregnant adolescent with a first-time pregnancy (p <.01). The stability of the 60 items SEPMRS-Indonesia was at an acceptable level (r = .99). The SEPMRS-Indonesia is a newly developed scale that can be useful to assess the self-efficacy in performing the maternal role in pregnant adolescents in Indonesia. Researchers who are interested in studying self-efficacy of pregnant adolescents could apply this scale to their studies.