ผลของโปรแกรมส่งเสริมสมรรถนะแห่งตนต่อพฤติกรรมการรับประทานอาหารและการออกกำลังกายของหญิงตั้งครรภ์ที่เป็นเบาหวาน

Abstract

The purposes of this quasi- experimental research were to examine the effect of a self-efficacy enhancement program on dietary and exercise behaviors among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The sample comprised pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus who received services at the antenatal clinic, Maharat Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital between July and October 2016. Fifty pregnant women were purposively selected and assigned into an experimental group (n = 25) or a control group (n = 25). The experimental group received the self-efficacy enhancement program, while the control group received standard care. The study instruments consisted of 2 parts, including (1) the experimental instrument i. e., the self-efficacy enhancement program, and (2) the data-collecting instrument comprising a personal data questionnaire, dietary behavior questionnaire and exercise behavior questionnaire. The validity of the instrument was judged by 3 experts. The reliability of the dietary behavior questionnaire and exercise behavior questionnaire was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient yielding values of.84 and .81 respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test. The results revealed that the experimental group after receiving the self-efficacy enhancement program had mean scores of dietary behavior (M = 51.24, SD = 2.63) and exereise behavior (M = 46.08, SD = 4.74) significantly higher than before intervention (M - 36.04, SD = 3.82 and M = 27.80, SD = 7,48) respectively (p < 001). The experimental group who received the self-efficacy enhancement program had mean scores of dietary behavior (M - 51.24, SD - 2.63) and exercise behavior (M = 46.08, SD - 4.74) significantly higher than those of the control group (M/ - 33.60, SD - 3.24 and M - 29.92, SD = 4.45) respectively (p < 001). In conclusion the self-efficacy enhancement program can improve appropriate dietary and exercise behaviors of pregnant women with gestational diabetes. It should be used to design nursing activities during pregnancy to promote blood glucose control.