การศึกษาคุณภาพน้ำและแหล่งที่อยู่อาศัยของปลากดหัวโม่ง (Arius maculatus)เพื่อการท่องเที่ยวเชิงประมง ลุ่มน้ำทะเลสาบสงขลาตอนล่างกรณีศึกษา ตำบลปากรอ อำเภอสิงหนคร จังหวัดสงขลา

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to 1) study water quality and habitat of the Spotted catfish (Arius maculatus) in Pak Ro Sub-district located in lower Songkhla lake basin, 2) study tourists' behavior and satisfaction in fishing activities, and 3) to determine the appropriate management approaches of fishing tourism. Water quality analysis by collecting water samples in May and November 2018 were conducted twice to cover dry and rainy season, then physical and chemical environmental factors were also analyzed. In addition, the interview was performed on the sampling of 12 fishermen from 4 main villages, i.e., Moo 3, 5, 5 and 6, in Pak Ro sub-district. Questionnaire on behavior and satisfaction in fishing activities were used to sampling the data from 384 tourists visited Pak Ro sub-district. Water quality analysis were performed in the field and laboratory. Statistic value, i.e., percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviations were calculated. The results of water quality analysis revealed that water temperature was in the range of 27-34 degrees Celsius. The depth of the water during dry season and rainy season was in the range of 0.9-10.5 meters, which was significantly different. The transparency of water during rainy season was higher than in dry season. The value of pH of the water was in the range of 6.67-7.05 which was suitable for aquatic animals. The salinity of the water was in the range of 4.4-6.5 ppt. which was suitable for brackish water animals. The DO value was in the range of 5.16-7.23 mg/L and BOD value was in the range of 0.90-2.20 mg/L which was an appropriate value for aquatic animals. Data collected from interviews on fishermen in Pak Ro sub-district showed that each of the fishermen in Pak Ro sub-district worked as the fisherman for at least 30 years. The local techniques and tools were mainly used in fishing. The Spotted catfish (Arius maculatus), Soldier catfish (Osteogeneiosus militaris) and Lagoon catfish (Plotosus canius) were mostly caught in Pak Ro sub-district area. From the field study, it could be concluded that other types of fish could not be an potential indicator of the area, therefore, the spotted catfish which was the main type of fish in the area was chosen. From the study on the habitats and amount of the Spotted catfish, it was found that during the dry season, no Spotted catfish was found in the sea farm and the area near the community. This might be because the aquaculture in the sea farm and human activities near the community might directly impacts water resources. In contrast, the Spotted catfish were found during the rainy season since the water level was higher leading to the dilution of the solution in water. The results from the water quality test showed that the DO value was higher and BOD value was lower in the area near the community compared to in the dry season. This could be concluded that the water quality in the dry season was better, therefore the Spotted catfish were caught. From the study of tourists' behavior in fishing activities, 55.7% of the tourists were male with the aged between 45-54 years old for 48.2% were 46.4% graduated from primary school and 37.9% worked as the farmers. The results showed that the tourists were satisfied with the overall water quality at the highest level and the satisfaction level in on fishing activities was at a high level. Therefore, the appropriate management approach for fishing tourism in Pak Ro sub-district located in lower Songkhla lake basin should lead to the development and the adaptation of tourism knowledge to be the guidelines for the tourism resource management in the Pak Ro sub-district and tourist destination. For the route design and tour programs of Pak Ro sub-district, 2 tourism routes were invented, i.e.., 1) route of religious worship and fishing activities and 2) route of local fishing and fishing activities. In addition, the community homestays, the value adding of community products, the community products were recommended for the appropriate tourism management for Pak Ro sub-district, making public relations media in fishing activities in Pak Ro sub-district and seasonal tourism.