การตอบสนองของเซลล์ปาล์มน้ำมันในซัสเพนชันต่อความเค็มโดยใช้โซเดียมคลอไรด์ในหลอดทดลอง

Abstract

Oil palm is an oil crop that produces the highest oil yield throughout the year. Due to frequent application of fertilizer results in severe salinity of planting areas. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) on growth and development of cell in suspension culture. First of all, factors affecting callus proliferation of oil palm SUP-PSU 1 calli were investigated. The results showed that OPCM supplemented with 0.1 mg/l dicamba and 200 mg/l ascorbic acid gave average size of callus at 12.56 mm higher than Y medium after culture for 4 weeks. Moreover, non-chopped callus gave the best results in terms of growth rate (100%) and fresh weight (147.5 mg). In case of plant growth regulators (PGRs), without N-(2-chloro-4 - pyridyl)-N-phenylurea (CPPU) containing solidified OPCM gave the best results in growth rate (100%) and fresh weight (230 mg) of calli. After that, the calli were transferred to liquid OPC supplemented with the same component and different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300 and 400 mM). The results showed that 50 mM NaCl gave the best results in fresh weight of cell in suspension at 749 mg, packed cell volume (PCV) at 1.58 ml after culture for 12 weeks. At that period of culture the concentration of Nacl which inhibited growth of the calli at 50 % (IC50) was 166.73 mM. NaCl at concentration of 200 mM induced cells in suspension culture to produce the highest proline content at 64.93 pg/g fresh weight while 400 mM NaCl gave the highest electrical conductivity (EC) at 3.77 mS/cm and electrolyte leakage (EL) at 82.22%. After transferring cells from NaCl containing liquid OPCM to NaCl-free solidified OPCM with 0.1 mg/l dicamba and 200 mg/l ascorbic acid, 50 mM NaCl containing OPCM gave the best results in callus growth rate at 183.08 % and callus fresh weight at 297.50 mg. In conclusion, 50 mM NaCl could stimulate higher growth of callus than that of control (without NaCl). The results also suggested that cells of oil palm could not stand to Nall at concentrations higher than 200 mM.