การศึกษารูปแบบการเลี้ยงและวิถีการตลาดแพะเนื้อ กรณีศึกษาจังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to examine (i) the meat goat raising pattern, farm management and marketing channel of the goat farmers in Surat Thani province and (ii) propose appropriate guideline for meat goat raising system and marketing channel in Surat Thani province. The survey research was used questionnaire as the main tool using the snow ball sampling technique. The questionnaires used were general information, raising situation, production, marketing, problems and obstacles in goat raising and suggestions of the farmers. Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis including percentages, means, production cost by enumerated in the form of tables, graphs, figures, and diagrams. The results showed that number of goats in Surat Thani was 5,615 heads, accounted for meat goat and milking goats at 5,425 and 190 heads, respectively. An average numbers of goat per farm was 19.00 heads. As categorized by district, the result indicated that Amphor Chaiya was the highest amount of goats followed by Kiriratnikom and Kanchanadith, respectively, for 725, 663 and 622 heads. Most of the goat farmers were Buddhism male and average age of 47.7 years old. Large scale of the goat farmer occupations were the owners of oil palm and rubber plantations with raising goats as extra career enhancement. The goat farmers had averaged experience for 1-3 years in their career. Family members were used as main labor in the farm. The main purpose of their goats raising was for marketing. Most of the observed breeds were cross bred meat goats. Each farm had its own way of taking care of animal depend on many factors. Small size farm always treated their animals in semi detained system by kept in pen in the night and let animals grazing to the oil palm or rubber plantations during the day. Most of the medium size farm often housed the animals. Goat mating system in the surveyed areas were herd-buck-control system. Goat farmers gathered themselves or either involved in some goat group organization. And Surat Thani goat club is found as similar to those other goat clubs in southern Thailand. Most main roughage source used were oil palm frond, followed by leucaena forages as it easily obtained from the adjacent area. These two commonly roughages were available throughout the year and used in the small, medium and large size farms accounted for 65.5, 48.39 and 55.56%, respectively. However, of 62.32% of the goat farms had no fermented feed in their farms. Concentrate is easily found in the farm. The very often used concentrate were palm kernel cake, PKC and soy bean meal. Other agricultural by-product used as feed supplementation was decanter cake or palm oil meal effluent, POME made up to 66.67% in the studied farm. Farmers were fed animals due to their management capacity and not much paid attention to goat nutrient requirements accordingly. The types of goat house were (i) the commonly house, where the floor constructed above the ground with small pen inside, (ii) the small house, where the field were fenced for grazing and (iii) the simple house. The above types of goat houses shared 39.13, 29.00 and 21.73%, respectively. Data on the goat farmers who looked after their animal, vaccination, mineral and vitamin provided and deworming recorded as 98.8, 59.68, 95.16 and 77.42, respectively. There were three marketing channels for the goat farms to sale their animals namely; (i) within the province, (ii) within the province and to the other provinces and (iii) only to the other provinces. The first channel as inside Surat Thani province, it was shared the highest meat goat marketing volume. The farmers normally sold their animals on the balance in the live weight basis at their farm. And the meat goat price during our study was ranged between 70 to 120 Baht per kg. Main problem the farmers facing was marketing, figured out for 95.65%, followed by the animal health. The later problems caused to the loss of many animals in studied farm. Strengths: the family member were among the skilled and main farm labour, utilized local forage resources as animal feed and the use of agricultural by-product can efficiently reduce the farm production cost. In many cases, goat raising is a pocket money saving for the farmer. Surat Thani is a suitable goat raising area due to it abundant in local natural feed resources and not too far from market areas such as Krabi and Phuket provinces. Weakness: many of the goat farmers were less experienced in the generated business, as for the small holder farms scattered in many areas, resulted in less performance to deal with the middle man. To gather with limit populate on meat goat consumption in the local area this was among the weakness point to the business promoting. Opportunities: increasing the need of lived goats and goat meats in adjacent provinces, there for the relevant government officials should promote a numbers of goats in this studied province. Threats: Surat Thani is hot and humid environment, this may affecting the negative animal health, disease contaminating of inbound animals as well as attitude of goat meat consumption still not widely accepted. Policy recommendations: should to develop the goat raising system professionally, better plan and do in short and long terms to meet the requirements of consumers and marketing, estimate the appropriate goat population under each farm capacity, always run the farm records, calculation cost of production and profit to obtain the up-to-date revenue, do promote the R and D from upstream to downstream. Upstream should emphasize on quality of raising system, reduce the cost of production and increase its farm management efficiency. Whilst midstream should to research on various style of products processing of goat meats. The later part should be focusing on marketing including chain of supply from farm to the various market levels. Behavior of the consumer evaluation is vital for later appropriate product and price development. Practical recommendation: determine the best practice of goat farmers is needed for knowledge and experiences provision to other farms. Disseminating the knowledge on local diverse feed and feeding system for its own alternative utilization. Assist the goat farmers in gathering group to share and support each other including production, management system and marketing channels. Collaboration between the institute to share knowledge and experiences for obtaining its stability and sustainability.

resources and not too far from market areas such as Krabi and Phuket provinces. Weakness: many of the goat farmers were less experienced in the generated business, as for the small holder farms scattered in many areas, resulted in less performance to deal with the middle man. To gather with limit populate on meat goat consumption in the local area this was among the weakness point to the business promoting. Opportunities: increasing the need of lived goats and goat meats in adjacent provinces, there for the relevant government officials should promote a numbers of goats in this studied province. Threats: Surat Thani is hot and humid environment, this may affecting the negative animal health, disease contaminating of inbound animals as well as attitude of goat meat consumption still not widely accepted. Policy recommendations: should to develop the goat raising system professionally, better plan and do in short and long terms to meet the requirements of consumers and marketing, estimate the appropriate goat population under each farm capacity, always run the farm records, calculation cost of production and profit to obtain the up-to-date revenue, do promote the R and D from upstream to downstream. Upstream should emphasize on quality of raising system, reduce the cost of production and increase its farm management efficiency. Whilst midstream should to research on various style of products processing of goat meats. The later part should be focusing on marketing including chain of supply from farm to the various market levels. Behavior of the consumer evaluation is vital for later appropriate product and price development. Practical recommendation: determine the best practice of goat farmers is needed for knowledge and experiences provision to other farms. Disseminating the knowledge on local diverse feed and feeding system for its own alternative utilization. Assist the goat farmers in gathering group to share and support each other including production, management system and marketing channels. Collaboration between the institute to share knowledge and experiences for obtaining its stability and sustainability.