การจัดการของผู้ประกอบการเหมืองหินอุตสาหกรรมต่อการแก้ปัญหาความขัดแย้งกับชุมชน : กรณีศึกษาเปรียบเทียบ เหมืองหินเขาคูหา อำเภอรัตภูมิ จังหวัดสงขลา และเหมืองหินเขารุน อำเภอควนขนุน จังหวัดพัทลุง

Abstract

This qualitative research aims to study conflict resolution strategies of two rock mining Industries' Owner by comparing between background, events, causes of conflict, resolution approaches including factors that related to conflict management of rock mining Industries' Owner. The research conducted semi-structured interviews. The interview was open- ended, no determined limit which allow interviewers to propose opinion. Voice recording was included and collected data from related sources. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling were used as core methods to conduct the research. They were consisted of representatives from rock mining businesses, local community leaders (Head of villagers), representatives from government sectors, and representatives from NGO in total 15 interviewees. Key principles and conflict resolution approaches were analyzed and compared sets of data collected from two rock mine sites. Findings showed that there were differences in terms of background, events, and operation between Khao Khuha and Khao Run rock mine. Khao Khuha engaged in mining business since it was operated under Land Act 1954 of which later was changed to Mining Act 1967. Years between those periods were considered as a golden age of large mining industry. On the contrary, Khao Run entered into the business after the Mining Act 1967 was announced. Causes of conflict in Khao Khuha rock mine, apart from effects of operation to local community, it also involved the issue of communication and inclusivity that the villagers were not being informed in advance that there was an extension of concession agreement. The approaches to conflict management applied to resolve conflict at Khao Khuha rock mine were as follows; 1) Forcing competitiveness, 2) entrepreneur's responsibilities to sustain wellbeing of community, 3) negotiation with mediator, 4) threatening and harassing oppositions, 5) abusing of government authority, 6) judgement, and 7) withdrawal. The factors related to conflict management were as follows; 1) power of information, 2) personal authority, 3) social status; 4) extreme opposition, 5) power beyond remit, 6) negligence, 7) bureaucracy, and 8) distrust. The factors related mentioned above lead to failure of conflict resolution in Khao Khuha rock mine area. Environmental issue, on the other side, was a cause of a conflict at Khao Run rock mine. Residents expressed their concerns to private sector that Mining business could effect the community in the long term. However, the situation was under controlled. The approaches to conflict management applied to resolve the conflict at Khao Run rock mine were handled differently; 1) Communities participation, 2) entrepreneur's responsibilities, and 3) collaboration. The factors related to conflict management were as follows; 1) power of relationship, 2) power of acceptance and respectful, 3) physical geography, 4) distance between residential area and quarry site, 5) responsive to the needs of community, 6) informally building a rapport, 7) being trustworthy, and 8) social responsibility. The factors related mentioned above is positive factors that result in successful consequences in resolving the conflict. This research findings can be adjusted in preventing and resolving conflict between rock mining industries' owner and nearby community in the future.