การเปรียบเทียบผลผลิตและความแปรปรวนทางพันธุกรรมของข้าวหอมไชยาในจังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี

Abstract

The purposes of this study were yield comparison and genetic variation using SSR molecular markers of Chaiya fragrant rice. Chaiya rice seeds were collected from farmers in Chaiya district, and another source in Surat Thani province. The total of 12 samples of Chaiya rice were coded as Chaiya 001 to 012. The experimental plot was conducted using randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatments were 12 samples of Chaiya 001 to 012. Growth and yield of 12 samples were compared. Yield was used as a criterion for the selection of Chaiya rice recommended to the farmers. Moreover, thirty morphological characteristics and cooking quality were also studied. Genetic variation using microsatellite was performed to provided diversity and future DNA test. The results showed that there were not significantly different between yields among treatments. Chaiya 007 provided the highest grain yield at 341.34 kg/rai following by Chaiya 006 and Chaiya 001 with the yield of 337.98 and 336.15kg/rai, respectively. The morphological characteristics and cooking quality were described for Chaiya rice for the first time. Study of genetic variation using microsatellite markers RM72, RM219, RM1261 and RM3805 produced total of 9 amplified fragments with an average of 2.25 fragments per primer, of which 9 fragments were polymorphism (100%). Primers RM212, RM 234, RM263, RM315, RM525 and RM8094 produced monomorphic fragments. Dendrograms showed genetic similarities among Chaiya fragrant rice, constructed based on polymorphism bands of microsatellite using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Average). Cluster analysis was performed by the NTSYS Version 2.1 program. Based on Microsatellite techniques and dendrogram tree, clones could be separated into 3 groups with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.611 1.000. The results indicated narrow genetic diversity of the clones. In conclusion, the 2-acetyl-1pyrroline (2AP) aroma test using HS-GC technique revealed that Chaiya006 had the highest 2AP. Therefore, Chaiya 006 should be recommended for further use as yields were not significantly different but it had highest aroma.