ผลของสารควบคุมการเจริญเติบโตและกรดอะมิโนต่อการชักนำแคลลัสและการสร้างยอดรวมจากการเพาะเลี้ยงปลายยอดของข้าวสังข์หยดเมืองพัทลุง

Abstract

To study the effects of PGRS, amino acid, various explant types of seeds and leaves on seed germination, callus formation, plant regeneration and acclimatization of Sang Yod Muang Phatthalung rice. Mature seeds were culture on PGRs-free oil palm culture medium (OPCM) or OPCM medium with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 3,6- dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic-acid (dicamba). The results showed that mature seeds comprised of endosperm and embryo cultured on OPCM medium with 4 mg/L 2,4-D for 7 days gave the best results in seed germination at 84.00-96.00 percent, mean germination time (MGT) at 4.59-4.72 days and after culture for 30 days the most callus induction rate at 88.00-90.00 percent and average size of callus at 24.65-28.80 mm2 were obtained significant different (p<0.01) with the other treatments. The characteristics of callus were pale yellow in color and friable. Moreover, the results showed that basal part of leaf explant cultured on the same medium with 3 mg/L dicamba for 30 days gave the highest of callus induction at 20.00 percent and the lowest of browning at 93.30 percent. Whereas callus obtained from mature seeds transferred to the same medium with 2 mg/L glycine gave the best result of size of callus at 13.68 mm2 and browning of callus was not found. Upon transferring shoot or shoot clump from callus to culture in OPCM liquid with 1 mg/L 6- Benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg/L 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for 30 days average number of shoots at 16.25 shoots, leaf length at 17.10 cm, number of roots at 92.50 roots and root length at 8.18 cm were obtained, significantly different (p≤0.01) with the another concentrations of BA and NAA. After acclimatization in field conditions for 150 days, the complete plantlets obtained from 1.5 mg/L BA gave the suitable results in average plant height at 167.40 cm, number of plants/pot at 16.50 plants, number of panicles at 16.50 panicles, panicle length at 23.50 cm, paddy length at 9.76 mm, paddy width at 2.50 mm, husked rice length at 7.20 mm, husked rice width at 2.00 mm, 100 grains weight at 1.64 g, number of seeds/hill at 1128.00 seeds and aborted or empty seeds at 67.93 percent.