การศึกษาการจัดการระบบผลิตก๊าชชีวภาพด้วยกระบวนการหมักไร้อากาศจากขยะมูลฝอยชุมชนแบบเปียกและแห้ง กรณีศึกษาเทศบาลนครราชสีมาและเทศบาลตำบลสูงเนิน จังหวัดนครราชสีมา

Abstract

The objectives of this research are to study the characteristics of the solid waste, the efficiency of biogas production system and the way to improve biogas production of the waste disposal center of Nakhon-Ratchasima and Sungnoen municipalities. The waste characteristics study was made during November 2560, May 2561 and July 2561 and revealed that in Nakhon-Ratchasima municipality the composition of waste is organic waste 47.67% plastic 30.69% and paper 10.79%.while in Sungnoen municipality is similarly organic waste 49.21%, plastic 33.79% and paper 7.32% by weight The study were also found that in Nakhon-Ratchasima municipality of which biogas production's reactor is wet system, having relevant parameters such as pH = 8.0, the temperature 31.83 °C, alkalinity 1,381 mg/L, Volatile Fatty Acid 275 mg/L and efficiency of COD treatment = 93.08%, white the process in Sungnoen municipality is dry system having parameters, pH 7.5, temperature 29.83 °C, Alkalinity 2,990 mg/L, Volatile Fatty Acid 475 mg/L and the efficiency of COD treatment = 97.42%. As organic waste was major composition of waste especially in rainy season, therefore the biogas production process was suitable solution for both municipality However, the yield of biogas production seemed to be theoretically low as 10.71 m' and 2.08 m3 for Nakhon-Ratchasima municipality and Sungnoen Municipality respectively. In cost analysis, it was found that unit cost of investment and operation of wet system in Nakhon-Ratchasima municipality is higher than the same of Sungnoen municipality. Problems and obstacles were mainly found are 1) for for Nakhon-Ratchasima municipality, only small portion of organic waste was treated by Biogas production process the left still disposed by landfill, therefore the municipality urgently needs the other solution and plans for Incinerator. 2) Sungnoen municipality, needs to improve the operation and plans to privatize the plant. In conclusion, To optimized the biogas production system, we have to improve sorting system Raw material preparation system and develop reaction tanks to be more stable and efficient. Beside, we should develop the biogas collection system to store more amount of gas. For waste management in Nakhon-Ratchasima municipality consist of sorting system, anaerobic digestion system, fuel waste production system and landfill systems suitable for medium size community that contains 101-300 tons/day of waste. However, the ability to eliminate was less than the amount of incoming waste, which biogas fermentation system was not able to eliminate. So they tried to combine the incineration method to get rid all of the waste in the future. For Sungnoen municipality, there was no fuel waste production system, so it was properly for small community that had 15-50 tons/day of waste. In addition Sungnoen had a small amount of waste than the system designed, so they did not have accumulated waste problem and it was better to use biogas to produce the electricity in garbage disposal center for reducing the cost and the pollution caused by the destruction of biogas.