การวิเคราะห์เสถียรภาพของลูกผสมปาล์มน้ำมันในสามสถานที่ทางภาคใต้ฝั่งตะวันออกของประเทศไทย

Abstract

Crop performance under a wide range of environmental conditions can be studied to indicate varieties with high yield stability because genotype by environment (G x E) interactions are the main cause of differences in performance of genotypes in different environments. The objectives of this study were to examine the variances of genotypes, environments, and G x E interactions that affected agronomic traits and to estimated stability of oil palm progenies. 6 progenies of oil palms, aged 4 years old, were obtained from an oil palm breeding program at the Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University. The experimental plots were 3 located on the east coast of southern Thailand, including Rattaphum District of Songkhla Province, Mueang Phatthalung District of Phatthalung Province and Thung Song District of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The experiments followed a completely randomized design at each site. Each oil palm progenies was set up as a treatment, and each treatment was recorded from 5 palm trees. Yield, yield components, bunch components, oil yield and vegetative traits were collected during January 2013 to December 2014, weather data from 2010 to 2014, and physical and chemical properties of soil. Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model was used to analyze the stability with R program (version 2.14.0.). The results showed the following: variances due to genotypes, environments and G x E interactions were highly significant which indicated that environments were diverse; variability of different locations affected all traits; in the excepted plant height the variance by genotypes was not significant, and G x E interactions were not significant with respect to rachis length. The AMMI analysis indicated that progeny 110 was the most stable genotype. Progeny 132 had a specific adaptability making it suitable for Songkhla Province, while progenies 119 and 137 were suitable genotypes for Phatthalung and Nakhon Si Thammarat Provinces, respectively.