ปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อคุณภาพชีวิตการทำงานและความสุขในการทำงานของพนักงานรายวันโรงงานอุตสาหกรรมอาหารทะเลแช่แข็งแห่งหนึ่งในจังหวัดสงขลา

Abstract

Daily workers are the main workforce in the operating sectors of industries. They confronted with many working environmental hazards, while they received low salary and welfare. These hazards could affect to their quality of work life and happiness at work. This cross-sectional descriptive survey aimed to study factors affecting quality of work life and happiness at work of daily workers in a large-scale frozen seafood industry selected in Songkhla province. Samples recruited through stratified and simple random sampling from the 425 daily workers in the operating sectors of Center, Convent and Cooked production lines. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire which were developed through literature reviewing. It was approved for content validity by three experts and reported 0.89 for internal consistency. The reliability showed alpha Cronbach's coefficient of questionnaire overall variables, quality of work life and happiness at work 0.70, 0.95 and 0.82, respectively. The Kuder-Richardson, KR-20 and KR-21, reliabilities of for health behavior factor questionnaire were 1.33. Descriptive, simple linear regression and multiple regression statistics were employed for data analysis. Results displayed the workers' perception on the physical, chemical, and biological work environments at low level 87.01%, 38.22%, and 84.85%, respectively. Samples perceived ergonomics hazards at moderate level 57.94%. They perceived the psychosocial work environment at low level for effort 42.29% and overcommitment 65.37% while reward perception showed 66.37% at moderate level. The effort and reward imbalance ratio (ERI) was normal, less than 1 (M = 0.67, SD = 0.27) for 57.85%. Additionally, their perception on health practice at work resulted in at the very good level 55.9%. The level of quality of work life was moderate, 89.11% while the level of happiness at work was good, 72.91%. Work sector, overall physical work environment, and overall health practice factors were altogether accounted for 22.6% of variance in quality of work life (adj R2 = .22 6, p<.001). Work sector and overall health practice factors were altogether accounted for 13.1% of variance in happiness at work (adj R2 =.131, p<.001). Findings identify the overall health practice factor was the best predictor for both quality of work life and happiness at work (B = .375 and .344, p< .001, respectively), as well as statistically significant correlations with them at moderate level (r = .404 and .349, p<.01, respectively). However, it was found that 10.4% of the samples was at risk related to ERI imbalance and 22.58% was unhappy in working life. These findings remind effects of negative working conditions on health and working performance. This study guides to the improvement of physical and ergonomics at work. Healthy promotion plan and organizational management system should be clearly defined for daily workers' physical and mental health.