การผลิตและใช้ส่วนกลั่นกรดไขปาล์มที่ผ่านการเอสเทอริไฟน์บางส่วนโดยไม่ใช้ตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาเป็นส่วนผสมดีเซล/ดีโซฮอล์

Abstract

This research is to study the improvement of liquid properties of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a cheap by-product of the edible palm oil industry by partial esterification without catalytic. The product is partially esterified palm fatty acid distillate with a high ester content (≥50wt.%) for use as a diesel blend/diesohol. This research consists of 2 parts, which Part 1 : The construction of the batch reactor and production of partially esterified palm fatty acid distillate. The batch reactor consists of 4 units: 1) reactor unit, 2) heating unit, 3) cooling unit, and 4) storage unit. In the production of partially esterified palm fatty acid distillate from the esterification reaction (Alcohollysis) at themolar ratio at PFAD : ethanol/butanol are 1:0.6, 1:1 and 1:2, reaction time 60 min, temperature 275°C and pressure 70 bar. it was found that the partially ethanolized palm fatty acid distillate (PEPFAD) content of ethyl ester (biodiesel) were 53.2 wt%. 71.8 wt. %. and 88.8 wt%. respectively, the remaining free fatty acid were 44.5 wt%. 26.9 wt% and 10.0 wt%, respectively; partially butanolized palm fatty acid distillate (PBPFAD) contains butyl esters (biodiesel) were 62.7 wt%. 78.4 wt%. and 93.2 wt%. Remaining free fatty acid were 35.5 wt%. 20.4 wt% and 6.0 wt. % respectively. Part 2 : The study of long-term phase behavior combined with liquid and flow properties of the blended fuel and preliminary engine testing that PEPFAD at ratios 1:0.6, 1:1 and 1:2 can be blended in CHSD-PEPFAD not more than 30 wt.%, 40 wt.% and 90 wt.%, respectively, in CHSD-PEPFAD-AhE/AhnB not more than 50 wt.%, 80 wt.% and 80 wt.% respectively. For PBPFAD at ratios 1:0.6, 1:1 and 1:2 can be blended in CHSD-PBPFAD not more than 40 wt.%, 50 wt.% and 90 wt.% respectively, in CHSD-PBPFAD-AhE/AhnB not more than 70 wt.%, 80 wt.% and 80 wt.% respectively. According tothe high speed diesel and diesel standards for agricultural engines of Thailand. A large number of samples were pass the standards. For this research, we selected interesting samples using PEPFAD and PBPFAD at a ratio of 1:1 consisting of PEPFAD/PBPFAD30, PEPFAD/PBPFAD50AhE10 and PEPFAD/PBPFAD50AhnB20. (numbers after PEPFAD/PBPFAD, AhE and AhnB are the proportion of diesel blending in wt.%) as samples for testing in a single cylinder diesel engine. Kubota brand, model RT100DI PLUS, 10 horsepower, under test conditions at a constant speed of 2,200 rpm by variable load in the range of 1.28-6.40 kW Found that PEPFAD/PBPFAD30 has a specific brake fluid consumption similar to diesel, the brake thermal efficiency is slightly higher than diesel. And the exhaust temperature is slightly lower than diesel. PEPAD/PBPFAD50AhE10 has higher brake-specific fuel consumption than diesel, the brake thermal efficiency is slightly higher than diesel. and the exhaust temperature is slightly higher than diesel and PEPFAD/PBPFAD50AhnB20 has a higher brake-specific fuel consumption than diesel, the brake thermal efficiency is slightly higher than diesel. and the exhaust temperature is slightly lower than diesel and the initial testing it can be used in engines as good as diesel. The results showed evidence of improvement in PFAD with esterification reaction to partially esterified palm fatty acid distillate (PEPFAD/PBPFAD) can improve its physical characteristics and internal composition to blend in higher proportion due to the PEPFAD/PBPFAD were higher ester (biodiesel) made the liquid state increasing and remained free fatty acids that act as emulsifier between diesel and alcohol