การพึ่งตนเองของวิสาหกิจชุมชนในจังหวัดสงขลา

Abstract

The objectives of this research were to 1) study the characteristics of how SMCE operate in Songkhla Province, 2) analyze the levels of self-reliance of SMCE in Songkhla Province, according to TERMS Model, 3) analyze the differences of SMCE by enterprise type, and 4) analyze the factors that relate to self-reliance of SMCE in Songkhla Province. A sample of 246 SMCE was taken from groups of SMCE in Songkhla Province that have registered with the relevant government agency. The results show that the majority of SMCE in Songkhla Province are groups that process foodstuffs (39.4%). Following this are: animal husbandry groups, alcohol production groups, consumer goods production groups, fertilizer production groups, and Para rubber production groups, at 17.9%, 13.0%, 10.2%, 8.1%, 8.1% and 3.3%, respectively. The average number of years since establishment is 8 years. The average number of members per group is 27. Most groups were created by the members themselves (57.3%), while others were created through the support of outside agencies (42.7%). The average initial investment of each group was 193,959.30 baht. Aside from this, all groups received outside assistance: 61.0% got assistance from government agencies, 1.6% got assistance from community enterprise networks, 0.4% got assistance from the private sector, while 37.0% received no outside assistance. Average monthly income for the groups was 20,388. 20 baht. Average savings, since beginning operations was 121,589.50 baht. 77.2% have no debt, while 22.8% do have debt. Analysis of the levels of self- reliance of the SMCE reveals that, in general, there was a high degree of self-reliance, with a mean of 3.61. Classifying self-reliance according to the TERMS Model, shows there was a high level of mental, economic, socio-cultural, and technological self-reliance, with means of 4.03, 3.64, 3.55 and 3.43, respectively, while natural resources self-reliance was at a medium level, with a mean of 3.39. When categorizing the enterprises by type, the level of self-reliance was high for consumer goods production group, animal husbandry group, foodstuffs production group, and the alcohol production group, with means of 3.78, 3.73, 3.72 and 3.46, respectively. The level of self-reliance for the savings group, fertilizer production group, and Para rubber production group was medium, with means of 3.38, 3.37 and 3.16, respectively. Testing statistical differences via an f-test revealed that the different types of SMCE had different levels of self-reliance, except the foodstuffs processing group, the consumer goods production group, the animal husbandry group, and the alcohol production group. The fertilizer production group, and the savings group had levels of self- reliance that were not statistically significant at 0.05. The following factors had a relation to the community enterprises' self-reliance: the number of members had a negative relation, and the average income of the group had a positive relation with self-reliance at a statistical significance of 0.05. As the number of members increased, the problems associated with running the SMCE increased. Thus, the SMCE should place importance on group process and teamwork so the groups and able to compete in the marketplace.