รูปแบบการมีส่วนร่วมของชุมชนในการจัดการท่องเที่ยวโดยชุมชนอ่าวปัตตานี

Abstract

Participation is an essential component in developing community-based tourism (CBT). The participation of people in the community will help bringing sustainability to the development of tourism in all aspects including economic, society, culture as well as environment. This study was a mixed method research that included both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the qualitative method, the data were gathered from 17 key informants whose work directly involving with Ao Pattani CBT through in-depth interviews using a semi-structure interviewing form, and analyzed using content analysis. Besides, for the quantitative method, the data were collected using questionnaires from 343 samples who live in Ao Pattani area including Muang and Yaring districts in Pattani province, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Ao Pattani CBT was established under the 9th National Economic and Social Development Plan (2002-2006), which focused on resolving natural resource deterioration problems at natural tourist destinations. Ao Pattani CBT development was initially limited due to people in the community lack of understanding in managing CBT; therefore, CBT development was induced by relevant organizations. Currently, Ao Pattani CBT has a mixed participation pattern that includes both induced and natural participation. Besides, the level of people’s participation in managing Ao Pattani CBT was moderate (Mean = 3.0, S.D. = 1.0) and significantly different. Moreover, factors influencing participation of people in managing Ao Pattani CBT were perceived life quality, perceived environmental impact, leader and community relation, which were consistent with the quality research findings. However, the quality research findings shown new factors influencing participation of people in managing Ao Pattani CBT including perceived economic impact, public relation, community strength and networking. In addition, the study's contributions will be beneficial for relevant organizations such as government agencies, corporate organizations, and the general public in identifying factors that can possibly lead to the establishment of processes for increasing people's participation in developing sustainable CBT.