???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? SME ???????????? ????????????

Abstract

This research is a comparative study for efficiency of vehicle routing algorithms for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Hatyai District, Songkhla Province. SME in this case study face challenges due to complex and redundant delivery procedures, leading to delays and high costs. The research examines three routing methods: (1) current routing without sequencing, (2) saving algorithm, and (3) meta-heuristic algorithm, with distance data collected using two methods: expert navigation by employees and digital navigation via Google Maps. Testing on six routes revealed that the meta-heuristic algorithm, when guided by Google Maps, reduced travel distance by 10.60% more than the saving algorithm under the same conditions. Comparing the meta-heuristic algorithm guided by Google Maps to the current routing without sequencing showed reductions of 45% in distance, 43% in travel time, and 21% in fuel costs. This method also decreased the carbon footprint by 44.82% and improved delivery process efficiency by 24.65%. User satisfaction with the software was high, and the delivery scheduling system received very good ratings. The study concludes that applying these routing algorithms can significantly streamline delivery operations, reduce costs, and help SME transition to a low-carbon business model, aligning with efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and achieve SDGs.

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? SME ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? 3 ???? (1) ?????????????????????????????????? (2) ???????????????????? (3) ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? 2 ?????? ??? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? 6 ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 10.60 ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? 45 ?????????????????? 43 ?????????????????????????? 21 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Carbon Footprint) ????????? 44.82 ?????????????????????????????????????????????? 24.65 ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????