การปรับตัวของเกษตรกรสวนทุเรียน ตามโมเดลการพัฒนาไทยแลนด์ 4.0 ในตำบลทรายขาว อำเภอโคกโพธิ์ จังหวัดปัตตานี

Abstract

The objective of this study were to: 1) explore durian orchard managerial administration of farmers in Sai Khao sub-district, Khok Pho district, Pattani province; 2) analyze factors having influence on adaptation of the farmers; and 3) propose guidelines for adaptation of the farmers under Thailand 4.0 model. In-depth interview and focus group discussion were conducted with 18 farmers. Results of the study revealed that the informants used household workforce and their own capital for durian orcharding. They had basic orcharding equipment, orchard management system, and farm machinery. They formed a group for selling durian yields and their morale depended on durian ptice. Besides, they perceived news or information continually. Factors having influence on adaptation of the informants under Thailand 4.0 model included 2 aspects. First, qualifications of durian farmers. It included the following: 1) the informants could be a resource person and they could give suggestions to interested persons: 2) the informants cold access data provided by concerned personnel and they could use computer; 3) they durian surplus was processed for selling; 4) the informants gained knowledge form training about GAP/GMP standards and organic agriculture; 5) the informants used bo-fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer using; and 6) the informants inherited durian orchard and agricultural occupation. Second, internal and external factors. Internal factor included the application of local wisdoms and academic knowledge to durian orcharding; new innovation (an equipment preventing pests and insects); production cost reduction; and marketing channel adding (online market) and open garden for tourism. External factor included lack of new technology for production process due to high production cost; reduction of risks occurred from mono cropping; diverse plant variety growing and supplementary career, and regular perception about the climate. The following were guideline for adaptation of the informants: 1) durian farmers should approach researchers on agriculture; 2) durian farmers should make use of local wisdoms, local scholars, and academic knowledge for durian orcharding; 3) durian Tarmers should keep reputation of Sai Khao durian by encouraging young smart farmers to participate in development; 4) durian farmers should create standardized agricultural yield production process; and 5) durian farmers must reduce chemical fertilizer using and use bio-fertilizer instead