การมีส่วนร่วมของชุมชนในการอนุรักษ์พันธุ์สัตว์น้ำในทะเลสาบสงขลา กรณีศึกษา บ้านโคกเมือง ตำบลบางเหรียง อำเภอควนเนียง จังหวัดสงขลา

Abstract

The main purpose of this research is to study participation in the marine protected area in Khok Muang village, Bang Riang sub-district, Khuan Niang district, Songkhla province by using the mixed research methods. The data collection was implemented as the in-depth interviews of community representatives about the overall, implementation, problems and implementation results of the marine protected activities of Khok Muang community. The structured interviews were used with the community people sampled from 85 families in order to collect their demographical data, some socio-economic factors and the factors affecting the participation in the marine protected area of the community by the Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. The findings revealed that in the past, the main occupation of people were local fishery. They had been using inappropriate fishing equipment so the number of aquatic animals had been decreasing. Those people have started to be aware of the problem. They then agreed to grow mangrove forests. Initially, they were not successful due to lack of knowledge about planting and keeping. Later, the community representatives studied from other successful groups and they successfully applied the gained knowledge. Finally, the conservation groups of mangrove forest and marine farm have been established to set various regulations for the marine protected area conservation. However, the community people participated less due to the currently changing economy. Based on the study of the sampled group, it was found that there were equally male and female participants who were in average 56.74 years old. They graduated primary education. The average number of a family was 4 people. They had averagely lived in the community for 47.83 years. Their main occupation was rubber plantations. The average total income per family was 223,395.76 baht per year. The conservative participation of the sampled population was at the low level in all steps of participative procedures such as solving problem, planning, implementation, benefit, and evaluation. For the result of the hypothesis testing, it was found that sex, the numbers of groups or institutes which the people participated as the members, the numbers of perceived channels for the information about aquatic animal conservation and the usage of the conservation area for relaxation were positive toward the participation of the community people at a level of 0.01. Therefore, the researcher would like to propose how to promote the community people to conserve the aquatic animals as: (1) increasingly to promote the community people's knowledge and understanding through media or activities related to the importance of mangrove forests and marine natural resources (2) to increasingly distribute data information about marine protected conservation through different channels and (3) to beautifully renovate the landscape and scenery of the conservation area and to develop activities for ecological tourism in the future.