???????????????????????????????????? PERMA ???????????????????? ???????????????????????

Abstract

This quasi-experimental research, two-group pretest-posttest design, aimed to examine the effect of a positive psychology program based on PERMA concept on anxiety among caregivers of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants comprised 60 caregivers, aged 20-59 years, taking care for children, aged 6-12 years, diagnosed with ADHD. Sixty participants were simple random sampled and allocated into an experimental group and a control group, matching on age, gender, and anxiety levels of caregivers, 30 participants per group. The experimental group received the positive psychology program based on PERMA concept plus routine care, whereas the control group received only routine care. The program comprised 4 activities, 60 minutes for each activity, once a week, continued for 4 weeks. The research instruments consisted of: 1) the effect of a positive psychology program based on PERMA concept, developed using the conceptual framework of Seligman and a literature review; 2) a demographic questionnaire; and 3) the state-trait anxiety inventory. Content validity of the instrument parts 1 -3 was verified by three experts. Reliability of the anxiety assessment part was tested by using Cronbach�s Alpha Coefficient, yielding a value of .89. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, paired t-test and independent t-test. The results showed that the mean anxiety score of caregivers taking care for children with ADHD in the experimental group after participating in the PERMA model-based positive psychology program was significantly lower than that before participating in the program (t =3.57, p< .01). In addition, the mean anxiety score of caregivers of children with ADHD in the experimental group after participating the program was significantly lower than that of the control group after participating routine care (t =-7.58, p????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? PERMA ??????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? 20- 59 ?? ???????????? 6-12 ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? 60 ?? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????????????????????????????????? ??????? 30 ?? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????PERMA ?????????? 1) ???????????????????????????????PERMA ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????? 4 ??????? ??????????????????? 1 ?????? ?? 60 ???? ?????????????????????????? 4 ??????? 2) ????????????????????? ??? 3) ??????????????????????? ????????????? 1 ??? 3 ??????????????????????????????????????????????? 3 ???? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? .89 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????PERMA ??????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? (t =3.57, p< .01) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (t =-7.58, p