การเพิ่มสมรรถนะของแผงรับแสงอาทิตย์แบบผลิตไฟฟ้าและความร้อน (PV/T) โดยใช้ครีบเพิ่มความสามารถถ่ายเทความร้อน

Abstract

According to the result of government policy, the production of electrical energy by Photovoltaic (PV) panels is more popular. Normally, the PV panel there is distributed 15% efficiency and it will decrease when the temperature of panels increased. Nowadays, the cooling methods for PV panels are improved and this can make benefit from the heat of a panel by installing the cooling module at the back of a PV panel. The Photovoltaic/Thermal (PVT) panel is called for energy generating unit. But currently, the normal cooling module generates lower heat transfer ability from the PV panel. Therefore, the objective of this research is to increase the electrical and thermal efficiency of PWT panel by attaching rib turbulators in the cooling module of PV/T. The rib turbulators will produce turbulence flow that can increase heat transfer effect from PV panel to water in the system. This research is separated into 4 sections, First, the studies of heat transfer characteristic in the cooling module which was attached b turbulators and the flow channel. The type of rib arrangement such as Inclined ribs 30° to 90%, V-shaped ribs 30" to 60" in both continuous and broken type. The ribs are installed in both parallel and serpentine channel. This will find the type of ribs arrangement which can give the highest heat transfer ability. Second, the studies of flow characteristic by using ANSYS Ver.15 (Fluent). This section is a simulation with a computer program to compare and explain the heat transfer characteristic with the experimental result. Third, the efficiency testing of PWT panel which was attached ribs in the cooling module. This section is the comparison of panel temperature, power generating and system efficiency between PVT and normal PV panel with normal climate conditions. The last section of this research is economic analysis. This part shows the simple payback periods that consider the cost and total energy of the system. According to the result of heat transfer and flow characteristic shows that 45 continuous V ribs were the highest heat transfer ability, especially for the serpentine channel. Because the water flow through the continuous V ribs and the strang secondary flow occurred over the channel cross-section. This flow will induce the streamline to attach the heat transfer surface to increase heat transfer ability. Then, the 45 continuous V rib is used in PV/T cooling module. From the PV/T efficiency testing found that temperature of PVT panel is lower than PV panel about 8-10°C, the electrical power of PV/T panel is higher than PV 6.8-14.09%, the average electrical and thermal efficiency of PV/T are 13.0-14.99% and 39.0-53.0% respectively while the average electrical efficiency of PV is 12.0-14.4%. Finally, the economic analysis found that the simple payback period of PV/T panel consider from electrical use type 1.1 and 1.2 are 5.8 and 5.1 years respectively. Therefore, the payback period of PWT is faster than PV for about 8 months.