ชูรอในอิสลาม กรณีศึกษาการประยุกต์ใช้หลักการชูรอเพื่อการคักเลือกกรรมการอิสลามประจำมัสยิดในกรุงเทพมหานคร

Abstract

The research is a qualitative study with the purposes of 1) to study the principles and the practical methods of Shura according to Islamic principles,2) to study the concepts and application of Shura to the selection of the Islamic Committee of the Mosques in Bangkok, 3) to propose a Shura model in resolving the problem of selecting the Islamic Committee of the Mosques in Bangkok. The research methodology consists of 1) the documentary study including Al-Quran, Al-Hadith,Figh, as well as related documents on the meanings, principles and practices of Shura from the times of Prophet Muhammad to Al-Khulafa' Urrashidun ( Rightly Guided Caliphs) and consecutive Islamic Kingdoms, as well as the selection of the Islamic committee of the mosque in Thailand, 2) field study with in-depth interview and focus group discussion of Islamic leaders and experts together with case exploration of Mosques applyig Shura to the selection of their mosque committees. It is found from the study that Shura is an Arabic word which conveys a large variety of meanings and usages. In terms of Islamic principle, Shura essentially denotes consultation with deliberation of persons for decision making in matters. Shura is highly valued. It is a natural device for survival and growth of human society Believers are encouraged by Al-Qur'an to employ Shura in their mutual affairs. The guidance had been put into exemplary practice in the past by historic rulers, Prophet Muhammad,the Disciples, Al-Khulafa Ar Rashidun and rulers in Islamic Kingdoms. In terms of Figh (Islamic Jurisprudence), Shura is to highest degree categorized as Wajib,a prescriptive. Noteably ,Shura,both in principle and in practice, entails no fixed spacifications or formats. Thus provides flexibility for its application in diverse Muslim lives and communities. In Thailand acquiring Islamic Committee of the Mosque elsewhere, including Bangkok,is a personal affair of Muslim community under Islamic Organization Administration Act B.E.2540 and its related Regulations of the Islamic Committee of Thailand. Shura is recommended by implication in the Regulations which requires election of the Islamic Committee of the Mosque by means of nomination and voting.The formal practice had for many cases resulted in the designation of unqualified persons and dissensions in mosque communities. From the case study, application of Shura to the affair by the targeted mosques is an informal attempt with no specification whereas. the Islamic experts all find Shura essential to the matter worthy of additional measurement for the designation. They proposed some guidelines for its application,however with the recommendation that Shura be not enacted as an Act . Therefore ,the research proposes a model of Shura application to the existing formal procedure. It is a set of practical guidelines main of which are the enhancement of understanding and faith in Shura principle in the mosque community and setting up therein a pre-election Shura conference among eligible members of the mosque. Thus is to by consensus gain a right person or persons with supportive agreements to be nominated in its following formal election according to the Regulations of the Islamic Committee of Thailand.