ศึกษาความหลากหลายทางพันธุกรรมของประชากรผสมเปิดของปาล์มน้ำมัน โดยใช้ลักษณะทางสัณฐานวิทยาและเครื่องหมายเอสเอสอาร์

Abstract

The objective of this study was to study the diversity of open pollinated oil palm in Southern Thailand using morphological traits and SSR markers. Fruits of open pollinated tenera palm trees were collected from Phang-nga, Krabi, Surat Thani, Trang and Chumphon Provinces. Sup-PSU 1 hybrid line was used as the indicator. The experimental design used Completely Randomized Design: CRD with 6 treatments with 5 open pollinated oil palms (5 provinces of collection) and 1 hybrid line. Each treatment consisted of 20 replications, one oil palm seedling was used for 1 replication. From morphological diversity, the samples of open pollinated oil palm were scattered on four quadrants of a biplot of principal component analysis while samples of hybrid oil palm were most scattered on the first quadrant of the biplot. For oil palm selection, samples P6, P10, P13, P19, S4, S11, S17, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, C2, C11 and C17 were selected because they had close characteristics with hybrid oil palm Sup-PSU 1 in the biplot. From a genetic diversity study using markers, 27 polymorphic bands were produced from 7 SSR markers. The highest number of polymorphic bands (7) was obtained from primer MF233056. The genetic distance ranged from 0.000 to 0.754. The highest value was obtained from samples P9 and P20. The lowest value was obtained from samples NR 10 and NR 12. From a cluster analysis based on genetic distance, the open pollinated oil palm can be divided into 4-5 clusters while hybrid line Sup-PSU 1 can be divided into 2 clusters. The cluster analysis of 120 samples showed that polymorphic bands from 7 markers can separated into hybrid and open pollinated oil palm. For selection based on genetic distance, samples P9, P20, K6, K16, S1, S15, T11, T17, C4 and C14 were selected because they had highest genetic distance in each open pollinated oil palm group. From morphological and genetic diversity studies, sample T11 is the best that can be selected.