ผลของโปรแกรมส่งเสริมภาวะโภชนาการต่อพฤติกรรมสุขภาพด้านโภชนาการและภาวะโภชนาการในผู้สูงอายุโรคปอดอุดกั้นเรื้อรังทีมีภาวะขาดสารอาหาร

Abstract

This quasi-experimental research study aimed to investigate the effects of the nutritional promoting program on nutritional behaviors and nutritional status among elders with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and malnutrition. The samples of this research were 57 elders with COPD at Plaipraya Hospital. The control-group comprised 29 participants and the experimental group 28. The Data was collected from January to April 2018. The control group received the usual care while those in the experimental group received the nutritional promoting program with the cooperation of the patients' relatives. The instruments were (1) nutritional promoting program, (2) food diary, (3) health record, (4) the manual of nutritional status promotion and (5) CDs. The research instrument for data collection consisted of (1) nutritional food diary on the Body Mass Index and (2) the questionnaire of nutritional behaviors. The instruments were validated by five experts. The reliability of the nutritional behaviors assessment questionnaire was .80 as tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Demographic data and nutritional status were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Chi-square, and the mean scores of nutritional behaviors and nutritional status were compared by using paired sample t-test and Independent Sample t-test. The study results are as follows: 1. The mean score of nutritional behaviors and nutritional status in the experimental group after receiving the nutritional promoting program were statistically significantly higher than before receiving the nutritional promoting program (t = 25.01, p < .001 and 1=5.19, p < .001, respectively). 2. The mean score of nutritional behaviors in the experimental group after receiving the nutritional promoting program were statistically significantly higher than that of the control group (t = 17.77, p<.001). 3. Nutritional status in the experimental group after receiving the nutritional promoting program were not statistically significantly different from that of the control group (t = 1.94, p > .05). The results of this research indicated that this nutritional promoting program supported the elders to change their nutritional behaviors. Family caregivers were the key persons that could promote the elders with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and malnutrition to continuously perform self-care.