การสร้างความเข้มแข็งและความหลากหลายทาง BCG (Bio-Circular-Green Economy) สู่การ พัฒนาท่องเที่ยวชุมชนชายฝั่งภาคใต้เชื่อมโยงประเทศกลุ่ม AEC

Abstract

The aims of strengthening and diversifying a BCG (Bio-Circular-Green Economy), leading to the development of coastal community tourism in the southern region of Thailand (connecting with AEC countries) , are 1) to identify the characteristics of coastal communities in 6 Andaman provinces which will lead to the process of creating community participation, 2) to create and develop a BCG Model and develop a model of people's participatory management process, using the BCG Model in each Andaman coastal community, 3) to promote the development of coastal tourism and find innovations to develop tourism in coastal communities, and 4) to provide community- based tourism information services to countries in the AEC to conduct this research. Six provinces of Andaman coastal tourism communities were selected as case studies. These communities were, analyzed and assessed in respect of their resources and internal and external factors of the BCG Matrix and Carbon footprint. Contextual differences were identified that could lead to the development of community participation in a tourism project, according to the concept of the BCG Model. The results show that the Bo Chet Luk Community, Satun Province, used the BCG Matrix process to analyze factors and resource bases in the area, to develop community products that help promote and support community-based tourism, by focusing on activities or highlights of the community, to make it well-known to tourists and the general public. Based on the analysis of the resource base, it was found that the agricultural resources of the area were abundant, and the distinctive resource base, that was the identity of the community, was pumpkins and green pumpkins. These products were processed into tourism promotion products that could generate income for the community. It is their additional occupation. It creates a more circular economic system within the community, and it also upgrades the products of the tourism community to be better known to others and local food safety. Tha Din Daeng Community, Phang Nga Province, used the BCG Metrix process to analyze internal and external factors. Then data were used to analyze the strengths of resources in the community. This led to the extension and adding value to existing resources by developing products to promote tourism in the community. The resource base are Litsea Leiantha Hook leaves, Sea holly leaves and Citronella Laurel leaves. These leaves were processed into products of the community, in the form of food and herbal products, to generate income for the community, to make local resources more valuable and vegetation genetic diversity conservation and restoration. Bo Hin Community, Trang Province, is a community where Pandan trees are processed. Pandan trees are used to create products to promote tourism in the form of bags. When the BCG Matrix process was used in the study, it was found that human labor in the community was needed at every step of the processing process, and processing created waste. Consequently, the researcher analyzed the problems, production processes, and processing. It was found that in some steps, human labor was not needed, and it helped make the process faster, too. The researchers therefore analyzed the production process to find methods to reduce human labor. Tools or devices that help reduce the time to prepare pandanus plants were therefore developed, that lead to a faster processing process. These tools replaced the use of labor in the community which eventually reduced the preparation process. This made the production of products faster. In addition, it reduced the amount of waste left over from paring Pandan trees. Kamala Community, Phuket Province, has many natural and cultural attractions. A survey of the geography of Kamala sub-district, Kathu District, Phuket Province, identified ahigh potential, with a weighted value of 2.92, that could drive the BCG of the community to expand cooperation, to build a network of communities in Kamala Sub-District, and to develop further to create value- added tourism in the community, in a new way by emphasizing on conservation, rehabilitation, and reuse of waste materials. It could help reduce the community’s waste problems, and set the route for community- based tourism in a new normal. Laem Sak Community, Krabi Province, and Had Som Pan Community, Ranong Province, were analyzed to find the amount of greenhouse gases that were generated by the organization’ s activities and products, and to find management guidelines for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the future. This could promote community tourism activities in the form of Green Tourism, which is part of the BCG economy. One activity that is used as an important indicator is carbon footprint assessment of tourism routes. Data were used as information in the development and design of tourism routes that reduce greenhouse gas emissions to protect the environment. To create understanding and raising public awareness of the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Recommendations from BCG- based research are an important method to develop social capital and to empower participatory communities. Applying the BCG process to creating awareness of social capital leads to plans that develop tourism potential in the area, and in accordance with the SDGs that will help to develop efficiency and effectiveness in the local community, and to benefit the community economy of local people. Having extra income from tourism helps to improve the living standard of people in the community. Everyone in the community is key to cooperation to create good tourism management and links to the neighboring country is the Republic of Malaysia and Myanmar in the future