ความยั่งยืนทางเศรษฐกิจและสิ่งแวดล้อมของระบบวนเกษตรยางพารา ที่ปฏิบัติดีในภาคใต้ตอนล่างของประเทศไทย

Abstract

This research has main objectives to collect knowledges and skills of the best practicing rubber agroforestry farmers, study plant community structure and crown cover of the rubber agroforestry plots related to environment, simulate margins of the rubber agroforestry plots from 2017 to 2026, and simulate resilience of margins of the rubber agroforestry plots when have confronted with price hazards from 2022 to 2026. Plots data are collected via field survey, drawing, and interview and analized via content analysis, descriptive statistic and Olympe software. The target group covers 25 rubber agroforestry plots of 25 farmers in lower Southern Thailand. The plots are composed of 22 plant associated rubber plots, 2 plant and livestock associated rubber plots, 1 livestock associated rubber plot. The results discover the knowledges and skills for practicing rubber agroforestry systems that can be classified as (1) knowledges and skills at the intercrop planting, maintaining, harvesting, processing and marketing; (2) knowledges and skills at the livestock raising, maintaining, harvesting and marketing; and (3) mutual support between rubber, intercrops, and livestocks. In term of the plant community structure of the rubber agroforestry plots, they show the rubber trees with upper canopies and the intercrops with lower canopies, activities of interception, stem flow and through fall by rubber trees and intercrops, including the litter layer. These help decrease soil erosion caused by rain drops. Also, the crown cover of the rubber trees and intercrops in the plots ranges from 79 to 99.7 percent that indicate potential for reducing soil erosion in the plots from good to excellent level. Margin simulations of the rubber agroforestry plots for 10 years (2017-2026) show the margin decrease of most plots in 2018 because of rubber price decrease. Fixed price in 2018 leads to three tarjectories of the plot margins during 2019-2026: the margins vary according to rubber yields in case of rubber with timber and rubber with intercrop with fixed yield; the margins vary according to rubber yields and livestock raising round in case of rubber with livestock: and the margins vary according to rubber and Sala yields in case of rubber with Sala. In 2019, the top ten of plot margins range from rubber with Sajor-caju Mushroom, rubber with Vegetable Fern (SK6), rubber with Straw Mushroom, rubber with Sala, rubber with Bamboo (TR1), rubber with Pineapple/Baegu, rubber with Sala/Baegu, rubber with duck/Longgong, rubber with goat to rubber with Vegetable Fern(TR 3). Finally, margin resilient simulation of the rubber agroforestry plots confronted with price decrease from 2022 to 2026 discover seven plots with high flexibility to return to the normal margin, fifteen plots with mediam one, and three plots with low one.