Development of probiotics bio-actives liposomes for cosmetic applications

Abstract

The Lactobacillus paracasei SD1 and Lactobacilli rhamnosus SD11 are found in the oral cavity of humans. They are used as a probiotic for oral health. In this study, it was intended to investigate the cosmetic potential of lyophilized cell free supernatant (LCFS) of L. paracasei SD1 and L. rhamnosus SD11 for dermal application. The cell free supernatant (CFS) of probiotic lactobacilli consisted of various bioactive compounds which confer valuable advantages to skin health. However, the LCFS of Lactobacilli have unpleasant colour and odour. These problems were solved by liposomal encapsulation technology. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of LCFS, to develop LCFS liposome, to formulate into a cosmetic product as well as to investigate their physicochemical and in vitro release properties. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radicle scavenging assay. The ECso value for L. paracasei SD1 was 940 ± 0.1 μg/ml and for L. rhamnosus SD11 was 690 ± 0.02 μg/ml. Both strains exhibited antagonistic effects on P. acne, S. aureus and S. epidermidis when examined by agar well diffusion assay and broth microdilution assay. In combination, these two strains showed synergistic effects not only on antioxidant activity, but also on antimicrobial activity. Liposomes were prepared with different compositions, ratios and total lipid contents. The optimal liposome formulation loading 5% w/v of actives which was composed of SPC:CHOL:TW 80 in 4:1:1 molar ratio with 80 μmol total lipid. It was characterized by small particle size of 344 nm, low PDI of 0.19, high zeta potential value of -48.05 mV and satisfactory %EE of 69.45. The LCFS liposome showed stability in terms of physical appearance, vesicle sizes, zeta potential and %EE at different temperatures for 90 days. The result of in vitro release showed that the liposome could maintain the release of active compounds over 24 hours. Apart from that, it was observed that the liposome significantly reduced the cytotoxicity when tested with HaCaT cells. For cosmetic formulation development, the cream containing 50% w/w liposome showed good stability. The in vitro release of liposome cream was higher than non-liposome cream at 24 hours with antioxidant activity of 58.87± 0.84% and 27.48 ± 0.80%, respectively (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the antimicrobial potency of the liposome cream was the same as the commercial products. Altogether, it can be concluded that the LCFS liposomes are worthy to develop as cosmetic or cosmeceutical products.